Most of the entrepreneurship described in this book is productive and socially useful. However, entrepreneurship also has a dark side, whereby some entrepreneurs make a living by expropriating others. The chapter starts by analyzing `rent-seeking’ behaviors of this kind: entrepreneurs can be the victims as well as the perpetrators of these activities. The role of institutions is emphasized: pertinent theory and evidence is reviewed. The remainder of the chapter deals with more productive types of entrepreneurial effort, including determinants of their work hours, including as entrepreneurs age and approach retirement. The role of entrepreneurial learning is also discussed here. The chapter closes by considering other labor market decisions of entrepreneurs, namely their hiring choices. The characteristics of so-called `job creators’ are delineated; thr scale of job creation by small and new firms is described; and some policy implications are discussed.