Article III states in relevant part:

These jurisdictions often are “non-federal law claims” jurisdictions, and Article III does not require a party to plead a federal law claim for the federal courts to exercise jurisdiction. Article III's party-based, admiralty, and maritime jurisdictions implicate international and interstate relations – areas in which international law clearly is material to their proper operation and organization. To understand these jurisdictions, one must construe them in light of the Preamble's object and purpose to ensure “domestic Tranquility.” Recall that in Chisholm v. Georgia, Justices Wilson and Cushing used the Constitution's object and purpose “to ensure domestic Tranquility” for ensuring that interstate armed conflicts do not result from interstate disputes. Disputes can arise between states (or their citizens), between the states (or their citizens) of the United States and foreign states (or their nationals), or between the United States and foreign states resulting in interstate or international armed conflicts.