Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T20:02:00.562Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 2 - Quantification and analysis in MR spectroscopy

from Section 1 - Physiological MR techniques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

By
Ernst Thomas
Edited by
Jonathan H. Gillard ,
Adam D. Waldman  and
Peter B. Barker
Jonathan H. Gillard
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Adam D. Waldman
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Peter B. Barker
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Get access

Summary

Why quantification and not visual interpretation?

The quantification of spectral peaks plays an important role in MRS, and pure visual readings of spectra are less common compared with MRI. The reason for this difference is that MRI relies on the detection of spatial abnormalities as a result of disease conditions, whereas MRS interpretation commonly relies on the interpretation of differences in relative proportions of metabolite peaks at a given location. Furthermore, spectroscopic peaks reflect the concentrations of metabolites in the tissue; however, it is impossible to determine these concentrations visually.

These points are illustrated in Fig. 2.1, which shows proton spectra from a lymphoma and a contralateral voxel in a patient with AIDS. Since the spectra can be plotted with arbitrary vertical scaling, it is unclear if a given metabolite peak, and its associated concentration, in the lesion is higher or lower compared with the healthy brain tissue. It is even more difficult to estimate the relative heights of the metabolite peaks within each voxel. Therefore, the ultimate goal of spectral analysis is to determine accurate values for metabolite peak areas and, ultimately, for metabolite concentrations.

Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical MR Neuroimaging
Physiological and Functional Techniques
 , pp. 21 - 29
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

van der Veen, JW, de Beer, R, Luyten, PR, van Ormondt, D.Accurate quantification of in vivo 31P NMR signals using the variable projection method and prior knowledge. Magn Reson Med 1988; 6: 92–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Provencher, S.Estimation of metabolite concentrations from localized in vivo proton NMR spectra. Magn Reson Med 1993; 30: 672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vanhamme, L, van den Boogaart, A, Van Huffel, S.Improved method for accurate and efficient quantification of MRS data with use of prior knowledge. J Magn Reson 1997; 129: 35–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naressi, A, Couturier, C, Castang, I, de Beer, R and Graveron-Demilly, D.Java-based graphical user interface for MRUI, a software package for quantitation of in vivo/medical magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals. Comput Biol Med 2001; 31: 269–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mierisova, S, Ala-Korpela, M.MR spectroscopy quantitation: a review of frequency domain methods. NMR in Biomed 2001; 14: 247–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, C, Wendt, R, Evans, H, et al. Eddy current correction in volume-localized MR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994; 4: 823–827.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klose, U.In vivo proton spectroscopy in presence of eddy currents. Magn Reson Med 1990; 14: 26–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coron, A, Vanhamme, L, Antoine, J, Van Hecke, P, Van Huffel, S.The filtering approach to solvent peak suppression in MRS: a critical review. J Magn Reson 2001; 152: 26–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ratiney, H, Sdika, M, Coenradie, Y, et al. Time-domain semi-parametric estimation based on a metabolite basis set. NMR Biomed 2005; 18: 1–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ernst, R, Bodenhausen, G, Wokaun, A.Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in One and Two Dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
Tofts, P, Wray, S.A critical assessment of methods of measuring metabolite concentrations by NMR spectroscopy. NMR Biomed 1988; 1: 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchli, R, Martin, E, Boesiger, P.Comparison of calibration strategies for the in vivo determination of absolute metabolite concentrations in the human brain by 31P MRS. NMR Biomed 1994; 7: 225–230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webb, P, Sailasuta, N, Kohler, SJ, et al. Automated single-voxel proton MRS: technical development and multisite verification. Magn Reson Med 1994; 31: 365–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Inglese, M, Li, B, Rusinek, H, et al. Diffusely elevated cerebral choline and creatine in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Magn Reson Med 2003; 50: 190–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, L, Ernst, T, Leonido-Yee, M, Walot, I, Singer, E.Cerebral metabolite abnormalities correlate with clinical severity of HIV-cognitive motor complex. Neurology 1999; 52: 100–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, L, Ernst, T, Osborn, D, et al. Proton spectroscopy in myotonic dystrophy: correlation with CTG repeats. Arch Neurol 1998; 55: 305–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, D.MR spectroscopy in stroke. Br Med Bull 2000; 56: 334–345.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, L, Miller, BL, McBride, D, et al. Brain lesions in patients with AIDS: H-1 MR spectroscopy. Radiology 1995; 197: 527–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preul, MC, Caramanos, Z, Collins, DL, et al. Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of human brain tumors by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat Med 1996; 2: 323–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Negendank, W, Sauter, R, Brown, T, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with glial tumors: a multicenter study. J Neurosurg 1996; 84: 449–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ernst, T, Kreis, R, Ross, BD, et al. Absolute quantitation of water and metabolites in the human brain. I: compartments and water. J Magn Reson 1993;B102: 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pouwels, PJ, Brockmann, K, Kruse, B, et al. Regional age dependence of human brain metabolites from infancy to adulthood as detected by quantitative localized proton MRS. Pediatr Res 1999; 46: 474–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horska, A, Kaufmann, W, Brant, L, et al. In vivo quantitative proton MRSI study of brain development from childhood to adolescence. J Magn Reson Imaging 2002; 15: 137–143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christiansen, P, Henriksen, O, Stubgaard, M, Gideon, P, Larsson, HBW.In vivo quantification of brain metabolites by 1H-MRS using water as an internal standard. Magn Reson Imaging 1993; 11: 107–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chang, L, Ernst, T, Poland, R, Jenden, D.In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the normal human aging brain. Life Sci 1996; 58: 2049–2056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haga, KK, Khor, YP, Farrall, A, Wardlaw, JM, et al. A systematic review of brain metabolite changes, measured with (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, in healthy aging. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 30: 353–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pfefferbaum, A, Adalsteinsson, E, Spielman, D, et al. In vivo spectroscopic quantification of the N-acetyl moiety, creatine, and choline from large volumes of brain gray and white matter: effects of normal aging. Magn Reson Med 1999; 41: 276–284.3.0.CO;2-8>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suhy, J, Rooney, W, Goodkin, D, et al. 1H MRSI comparison of white matter and lesions in primary progressive and relapsing-remitting MS. Mult Scler 2000; 6: 148–155.Google ScholarPubMed
Jansen, JF, Backes, WH, Nicolay, K, Kooi, ME, et al. 1H MR spectroscopy of the brain: absolute quantification of metabolites. Radiology 2006; 240: 318–332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barker, P, Soher, B, Blackband, S, et al. Quantitation of proton NMR spectra of the human brain using tissue water as an internal concentration reference. NMR Biomed 1993; 6: 89–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soher, B, Hurd, R, Sailasuta, N, Barker, P.Quantitation of automated single-voxel proton MRS using cerebral water as an internal reference. Magn Reson Med 1996; 36: 335–339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schuff, N, Ezekiel, F, Gamst, AC, et al. Region and tissue differences of metabolites in normally aged brain using multislice 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Magn Reson Med 2001; 45: 899–907.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pouwels, P, Frahm, J.Regional metabolite concentrations in human brain as determined by quantitative localized proton MRS. Magn Reson Med 1998; 39: 53–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, PL, Yiannoutsos, CT, Ernst, T, et al. A multi-center 1H MRS study of the AIDS dementia complex: validation and preliminary analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2003; 17: 625–633.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreis, R, Ernst, T, Ross, BD. Absolute quantitation of water and metabolites in the human brain. II: metabolite concentrations. J Magn Reson 1993; B102: 9–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreis, R, Ernst, T, Ross, BD. Development of the human brain: in vivo quantification of metabolite and water content with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 1993; 30: 424–437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gonzalez, R, Guimaraes, A, Sachs, G, et al. Measurement of human brain lithium in vivo by MR spectroscopy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1993; 14: 1027–1037.Google ScholarPubMed
Michaelis, T, Merboldt, K, Bruhn, H, Haenicke, W and Frahm, J.Absolute concentrations of metabolites in the adult human brain in vivo: quantification of localized proton MR spectra. Radiology 1993; 187: 219–227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Danielsen, E.Henriksen, O.Absolute quantitative proton NMR spectroscopy based on the amplitude of the local water suppression pulse. Quantification of brain water and metabolites. NMR Biomed 1994; 7: 311–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hetherington, H, Spencer, D, Vaughan, J, Pan, J.Quantitative (31)P spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 4 Tesla: assessment of gray and white matter differences of phosphocreatine and ATP. Magn Reson Med 2001; 45: 46–52.3.0.CO;2-N>CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×