Book contents
- The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest
- The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 War and peace in the Taï chimpanzee forest: running a long-term chimpanzee research project
- 2 Developments in statistical methods applied over four decades of research in the Taï Chimpanzee Project
- 3 Observation protocol and long-term data collection in Taï
- 4 The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF) and the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP)
- 5 Insights from genetic analyses of the Taï chimpanzees
- 6 Endocrinological analyses at Taï
- 7 Chimpanzee behavioural diversity and the contribution of the Taï Chimpanzee Project
- 8 An energetic model of foraging optimization: wild chimpanzee hammer selection for nut-cracking
- 9 Demography and life history of five chimpanzee communities in Taï National Park
- 10 Adoption in the Taï chimpanzees: costs, benefits and strong social relationships
- 11 Spatial integration of unusually high numbers of immigrant females into the South Group: further support for the bisexually bonded model in Taï chimpanzees
- 12 Forty years striving to capture culture among the Taï chimpanzees
- 13 Cultural diversity of nut-cracking behaviour between two populations of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Côte d’Ivoire
- 14 Ecological and social influences on rates of social play in immature wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)
- 15 Long-term diet of the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park: interannual variations in consumption
- 16 Why Taï mangabeys do not use tools to crack nuts like sympatric-living chimpanzees: a cognitive limitation on monkey feeding ecology
- 17 Providing research for conservation from long-term field sites
- 18 Rank changes in female chimpanzees in Taï National Park
- 19 Effects of large-scale knockouts on chimpanzee association networks
- 20 Why do the chimpanzees of the Taï Forest share meat? The value of bartering, begging and hunting
- 21 Group-specific social dynamics affect urinary oxytocin levels in Taï male chimpanzees
- 22 The chimpanzees of the Taï Forest as models for hominine microorganism ecology and evolution
- 23 Acute infectious diseases occurring in the Taï chimpanzee population: a review
- 24 Why does the chimpanzee vocal repertoire remain poorly understood and what can be done about it?
- 25 Evidence for sexual dimorphism in chimpanzee vocalizations: a comparison of male and female call production and acoustic parameters
- 26 Gestural usage and development in two chimpanzee groups of different subspecies (Pan troglodytes verus/P.t. schweinfurthii)
- 27 Spatial cognitive abilities in foraging chimpanzees
- 28 Temporal cognition in Taï chimpanzees
- Index
- References
13 - Cultural diversity of nut-cracking behaviour between two populations of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Côte d’Ivoire
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 November 2019
Book contents
- The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest
- The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 War and peace in the Taï chimpanzee forest: running a long-term chimpanzee research project
- 2 Developments in statistical methods applied over four decades of research in the Taï Chimpanzee Project
- 3 Observation protocol and long-term data collection in Taï
- 4 The Wild Chimpanzee Foundation (WCF) and the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP)
- 5 Insights from genetic analyses of the Taï chimpanzees
- 6 Endocrinological analyses at Taï
- 7 Chimpanzee behavioural diversity and the contribution of the Taï Chimpanzee Project
- 8 An energetic model of foraging optimization: wild chimpanzee hammer selection for nut-cracking
- 9 Demography and life history of five chimpanzee communities in Taï National Park
- 10 Adoption in the Taï chimpanzees: costs, benefits and strong social relationships
- 11 Spatial integration of unusually high numbers of immigrant females into the South Group: further support for the bisexually bonded model in Taï chimpanzees
- 12 Forty years striving to capture culture among the Taï chimpanzees
- 13 Cultural diversity of nut-cracking behaviour between two populations of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in the Côte d’Ivoire
- 14 Ecological and social influences on rates of social play in immature wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus)
- 15 Long-term diet of the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Taï National Park: interannual variations in consumption
- 16 Why Taï mangabeys do not use tools to crack nuts like sympatric-living chimpanzees: a cognitive limitation on monkey feeding ecology
- 17 Providing research for conservation from long-term field sites
- 18 Rank changes in female chimpanzees in Taï National Park
- 19 Effects of large-scale knockouts on chimpanzee association networks
- 20 Why do the chimpanzees of the Taï Forest share meat? The value of bartering, begging and hunting
- 21 Group-specific social dynamics affect urinary oxytocin levels in Taï male chimpanzees
- 22 The chimpanzees of the Taï Forest as models for hominine microorganism ecology and evolution
- 23 Acute infectious diseases occurring in the Taï chimpanzee population: a review
- 24 Why does the chimpanzee vocal repertoire remain poorly understood and what can be done about it?
- 25 Evidence for sexual dimorphism in chimpanzee vocalizations: a comparison of male and female call production and acoustic parameters
- 26 Gestural usage and development in two chimpanzee groups of different subspecies (Pan troglodytes verus/P.t. schweinfurthii)
- 27 Spatial cognitive abilities in foraging chimpanzees
- 28 Temporal cognition in Taï chimpanzees
- Index
- References
Summary
Across Africa, chimpanzee communities exhibit large behavioural diversity not exclusively explained by ecological or genetic variation. However, excluding subtle environmental factors is difficult when comparing far-apart populations. Taï National Park offers a unique opportunity to explore the impact of social learning on behavioural diversity. The Taï South and Djouroutou communities live only 60 km apart in a continuous ecosystem. However, these groups apply semi-different techniques when nut-cracking. Djouroutou chimpanzees crack five species of nuts, exclusively using stone tools. Taï South only cracks four of those species, using stone and wooden tools, and does not exploit abundant Sacoglottis gabonensis nuts. Moreover, this group uses stone and wooden tools. Here, we compared tool material availability and tool choice. Our results showed that both groups did not differ in available nut trees and access to different materials. The communities responded to these ecological conditions differently than predicted if availability was the only factor responsible for shaping behaviour. This highlights the potential role of cultural behaviour in wild chimpanzee feeding ecology.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Chimpanzees of the Taï Forest40 Years of Research, pp. 194 - 220Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
References
Alvard, M. S. (2003). The adaptive nature of culture. Evolutionary Anthropology, 12(3), 136–149. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.10109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arroyo, A. & de la Torre, I. (2016). Assessing the function of pounding tools in the Early Stone Age: A microscopic approach to the analysis of percussive artefacts from Beds I and II, Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). Journal of Archaeological Science, 74, 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.08.003Google Scholar
Baayen, R. H. (2008). Analyzing Linguistic Data: A Practical Introduction to Statistics using R. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnard, A. (2000). History and Theory in Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bates, D., Maechler, M., Bolker, B. M., Walker, S., Christensen, R. H. B., Singman, H., et al. (2015). Package ‘lme4’, version 1.1-7. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/package_lme4Google Scholar
Boesch, C. (1991). Handedness in wild chimpanzees. International Journal of Primatology, 12, 541–558. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02547669Google Scholar
Boesch, C. (2003). Is culture a golden barrier between human and chimpanzee? Evolutionary Anthropology, 12, 82–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.10106Google Scholar
Boesch, C. & Boesch, H. (1983). Optimisation of nut-cracking with natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. Behaviour, 83, 265–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boesch, C. & Boesch, H. (1990). Tool use and tool making in wild chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 54, 86–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boesch, C., Crockford, C., Herbinger, I., Wittig, R., Moebius, Y. & Normand, E. (2008). Intergroup conflicts among chimpanzees in Taï National Park: Lethal violence and the female perspective. American Journal of Primatology, 70, 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20524CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boesch, C., Marchesi, P., Marchesi, N., Fruth, B. & Joulian, F. (1994). Is nut cracking in wild chimpanzees a cultural behaviour? Journal of Human Evolution, 26, 325–338. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1994.1020Google Scholar
Collard, I. F. & Foley, R. A. (2002). Latitudinal patterns and environmental determinants of recent human cultural diversity: Do humans follow biogeographical rules? Evolutionary Ecology Research, 4, 371–383.Google Scholar
Davidson, I. & McGrew, W. C. (2005). Stone tools and the uniqueness of human culture. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 11, 793–817. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467–9655.2005.00262.xGoogle Scholar
Derex, M., Beugin, M. P., Godelle, B. & Raymond, M. (2013). Experimental evidence for the influence of group size on cultural complexity. Nature, 503(7476), 389–391. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12774Google Scholar
Durham, W. H. (1991). Coevolution: Genes, Culture, and Human Diversity. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Foley, R. A. & Lahr, M. M. (2011). The evolution of the diversity of cultures. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 366(1567), 1080–1089. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0370CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, J. & Weisberg, S. (2011). An R Companion to Applied Regression. Thousand Oaks: Sage.Google Scholar
Galef, B. G. (1992). The question of animal culture. Human Nature, 3, 157–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02692251Google Scholar
Gruber, T. (2013). Historical hypotheses of chimpanzee tool use behaviour in relation to natural and human-induced changes in an East African rain forest. Revue de primatologie, 5. https://doi.org/10.4000/primatologie.1690Google Scholar
Jenkins, P. F. (1978). Cultural transmission of song patterns and dialect development in a free-living bird population. Animal Behaviour, 26, 50–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003–3472(78)90007–6Google Scholar
Kline, M. A. & Boyd, R. (2010). Population size predicts technological complexity in Oceania. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 277(1693), 2559–2564. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0452Google Scholar
Koops, K., Schöning, C., Isaji, M. & Hashimoto, C. (2015). Cultural differences in ant-dipping tool length between neighbouring chimpanzee communities at Kalinzu, Uganda. Scientific Reports,5, 12456. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12456Google Scholar
Kühl, H. S., Kalan, A. K., Arandjelovic, M., Aubert, F., D’Auvergne, L., Goedmakers, A., et al. (2016). Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing. Scientific Reports, 6, 22219. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep22219Google Scholar
Kuper, A. (2000). Culture: The Anthropologists’ Account. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laland, K. N. & Janik, V. M. (2006). The animal cultures debate. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21, 542–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.06.005Google Scholar
Luncz, L. V. & Boesch, C. (2014). Tradition over trend: Neighboring chimpanzee communities maintain differences in cultural behavior despite frequent immigration of adult females. American Journal of Primatology, 76, 649–657. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22259CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Luncz, L. V. & Boesch, C. (2015). The extent of cultural variation between adjacent chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) communities: A microecological approach. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 156, 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22628Google Scholar
Luncz, L. V., Mundry, R. & Boesch, C. (2012). Evidence for cultural differences between neighboring chimpanzee communities. Current Biology, 22, 922–926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.03.031Google Scholar
Lycett, S. J., Collard, M. & McGrew, W. C. (2010). Are behavioral differences among wild chimpanzee communities genetic or cultural? An assessment using tool-use data and phylogenetic methods. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 142, 461–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21249CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCullagh, P. & Nelder, J. (1989). Generalized Linear Models. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC.Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C. (1987). Tools to get food: The subsistants of Tasmanian Aborigines and Tanzanian chimpanzees compared. Journal of Anthropological Research, 43, 247–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McPherron, S. P., Alemseged, Z., Marean, C. W., Wynn, J. G., Reed, D., Geraads, D., et al. (2010). Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia. Nature, 466(7308), 857–860. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09248Google Scholar
Nisbett, R. E. & Miyamoto, Y. (2005). The influence of culture: Holistic versus analytic perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 467–473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.08.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nishida, T. (1997). Sexual behavior of adult male chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 38, 379–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02381879Google Scholar
Norenzayan, A. & Nisbett, R. E. (2000). Culture and causal cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(4), 132–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467–8721.00077CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nsubuga, A. M., Robbins, M. M., Roeder, A. D., Morin, P. A., Boesch, C. & Vigilant, L. (2004). Factors affecting the amount of genomic DNA extracted from ape faeces and the identification of an improved sample storage method. Molecular Ecology, 13, 2089–2094. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2004.02207.xGoogle Scholar
Pinheiro, J. & Bates, D. (2006). Linear mixed-effects models: Basic concepts and examples. In Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS (pp. 3–56). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/0–387-22747–4_1Google Scholar
Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S. & Sarkar, D. (2013). nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3, 1–105.Google Scholar
R Core Team. (2017). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.Google Scholar
Rendell, L. & Whitehead, H. (2001). Culture in whales and dolphins. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0100396XGoogle Scholar
Sahlins, M. (2013). Culture and Practical Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Sanz, C. M. & Morgan, D. B. (2007). Chimpanzee tool technology in the Goualougo Triangle, Republic of Congo. Journal of Human Evolution, 52, 420–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.11.001Google Scholar
Sirianni, G., Mundry, R. & Boesch, C. (2015). When to choose which tool: Multidimensional and conditional selection of nut-cracking hammers in wild chimpanzees. Animal Behaviour, 100, 152–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.11.022Google Scholar
Soiret, S. P., Kadjo, B., Assi, B. D. & Kouassi, P. K. (2015). New observations in nut cracking behavior of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Djouroutou, Taï National Park. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 11, 15–25.Google Scholar
van Schaik, C. P., Ancrenaz, M., Borgen, G., Galdikas, B., Knott, C. D., Singleton, I., et al. (2003). Orangutan cultures and the evolution of material culture. Science, 299(5603), 102–105. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1078004Google Scholar
Venables, W. N. & Ripley, B. D. (2002). Random and mixed effects. In Modern Applied Statistics with S (pp. 271–300). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Whiten, A., Goodall, J., McGrew, W., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., et al. (1999). Cultures in chimpanzee. Nature, 399, 682–685. https://doi.org/10.1038/21415Google Scholar
- 1
- Cited by