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Chapter 92 - Metabolic and endocrine-induced seizures

from Section 4 - Provoked epilepsies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

Simon D. Shorvon
Affiliation:
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
Frederick Andermann
Affiliation:
Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute
Renzo Guerrini
Affiliation:
Child Neurology Unit, Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence
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Summary

This chapter summarizes the most relevant metabolic and endocrine circumstances that can trigger isolated situation-related or acute symptomatic seizures. There are few investigations that address the epidemiology of metabolic and endocrine triggering seizures. Metabolic causes for seizures encompass lack of energy, intoxication, impaired neuronal function in storage disorders, and disturbances of neurotransmitter systems with excess of excitation or lack of inhibition. Specific neurological signs or symptoms, dysmorphic stigmata, or other non-neurological clinical findings can help diagnostically. Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is caused by brain edema after rapid hemodialysis and may present with headache, nausea, vomiting, cramps, tremor, impaired consciousness, and seizures. In seizures caused by hypocalcemia, calcium gluconate is used at a dosage of approximately 1 mg/kg in children. In adults with metabolic or endocrine-induced seizures it is obvious that the underlying cause should be identified and treated if apparent.
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The Causes of Epilepsy
Common and Uncommon Causes in Adults and Children
, pp. 650 - 654
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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