The broad context of global demographic change since 1804 is surveyed in Livi Bacci, Massimo, A Concise History of World Population (Oxford, 2012) and A Short History of Migration (Cambridge, 2012). The Global Slavery Index 2013 is available at www.globalslaveryindex.org.Google Scholar

Major works on Africa include Miers, Suzanne and Kopytoff, Igor (eds.), Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives (Madison, WI, 1977); Suzanne Miers and Richard Roberts (eds.), The End of Slavery in Africa (Madison, WI, 1988); Martin Klein, Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa (Cambridge, 1998); Paul E. Lovejoy and Jan S. Hogendorn, Slow Death for Slavery: The Course of Abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897–1936 (Cambridge, 1993); Humphrey J. Fisher, Slavery in the History of Muslim Black Africa (New York, 2001); Eric Allina, Slavery by Any Other Name: African Life under Company Rule in Colonial Mozambique (Charlottesville, VA, 2012).Google Scholar

The Indian Ocean and its margins are covered by Campbell, Gwyn(ed.), The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia (London, 2004).Google Scholar

For Middle Eastern and Ottoman slavery, see Toledano, Ehud R., Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle East (Seattle, WA, 1998).Google Scholar

For Asia, see Chatterjee, Indrani and Eaton, Richard M. (eds.), Slavery and South Asian History (Bloomington, IN, 2006); Indrani Chatterjee, Gender, Slavery and Law in Colonial India (Oxford, 1999); Anthony Reid (ed.), Slavery, Bondage and Dependency in Southeast Asia (Saint Lucia, 1983); Cindy Yik-Yi Chu, “Human Trafficking and Smuggling in China,” Journal of Contemporary China, 20 (2011): 39–52.Google Scholar

For the Americas, see Klein, Herbert S. and Luna, Francisco Vidal, Slavery in Brazil (Cambridge, 2010); B. W. Higman, Slave Populations of the British Caribbean, 1807–1834 (Baltimore, MD, 1984); Robert William Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery (Boston, MA, 1974).Google Scholar

For sex and gender, see the two-volume collection edited by Campbell, Gwyn, Miers, Suzanne, and Miller, Joseph C., Women and Slavery (Athens, OH, 2007–08); Claire C. Robertson and Martin A. Klein (eds.), Women and Slavery in Africa (Madison, WI, 1983); and Madeline C. Zilfi, Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference (Cambridge, 2010).Google Scholar

Children are studied in Campbell, Gwyn, Miers, Suzanne, and Miller, Joseph C. (eds.), Child Slaves in the Modern World (Athens, OH, 2011).Google Scholar