Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 119
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
December 2014
Print publication year:
2014
Online ISBN:
9781139162531

Book description

How do children develop bilingual competence? Do bilingual children develop language in the same way as monolinguals? Set in the context of findings on language development, this book examines the acquisition of English and Spanish by two brothers in the first six years of their lives. Based on in-depth and meticulous analyses of naturalistic data, it explores how the systems of both languages affect each other as the children develop, and how different levels of exposure to each language influence the nature of acquisition. The author demonstrates that the children's grammars and lexicons follow a developmental path similar to that of monolinguals, but that cross-linguistic interactions affecting lexical, semantic and discourse-pragmatic aspects arise in Spanish when exposure to it diminishes around the age of four. The first of its kind, this original study is a must-read for students and researchers in bilingualism, child development, language acquisition and language contact.

Reviews

‘Written with love, sophistication and erudition, this impressively informative longitudinal study of Silva-Corvalán's two grandchildren will become a crucial link in our current understanding of early bilingual acquisition, of key features of Spanish and of the acquisition of Spanish as a heritage language in the United States.'

Silvina Montrul - University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

‘The case study approach is a real success in bringing together theory and empirical data. The richness of the findings comes alive in Silva-Corvalán's painstakingly detailed analysis.'

Ludovica Serratrice - University of Manchester

'The author provides a truly comprehensive description of how the two youngsters fair in their bilingual language development … this description should prove extremely valuable to researchers in the field.'

Source: Studies in Second Language Acquisition

'Silva-Corvalán has produced a labor of love that is chock-full of precious data, analyses, and clearly articulated hypotheses to be tested in future research. Those of us who investigate child language, bilingualism, language contact, and linguistic complexity will read this volume many times over, and will use it as a starting point for our own projects. The book is also useful for graduate seminars on bilingualism, bilingual language acquisition, Spanish in the US, and numerous other topics. Silva-Corvalán has yet again produced seminal work that will serve as a benchmark for future research for many years to come.'

Naomi L. Shin Source: Heritage Language Journal

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References
Akhtar, Nameera. 1999. Acquiring basic word order: evidence for data-driven learning of syntactic structure. Journal of Child Language 26: 339–356.
Akhtar, Nameera and Tomasello, Michael. 1997. Young children’s productivity with word order and verb morphology. Developmental Psychology 33: 952–965.
Alarcón, Irma V. 2011. Spanish gender agreement under complete and incomplete acquisition: early and late bilinguals’ linguistic behavior within the noun phrase. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14: 332–350.
Alcázar, Asier. 2009. A minimalist analysis of participial constructions: absolutes and reduced relatives. Berlin: VDM Verlag.
Allen, Shanley E. M. 2007. Interacting pragmatic influences on children’s argument realization. In Bowerman, Melissa and Brown, Penelope (eds.), Crosslinguistic perspectives on argument structure: implications for learnability. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum, 191–210.
Allen, Shanley E. M. and Schröder, Heike. 2003. Preferred argument structure in early Inuktitut spontaneous speech data. In Du Bois, John W., Kumpf, Lorraine E., and Ashby, William J. (eds.), Preferred argument structure: grammar and architecture for function. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 301–338.
Almgren, Margareta and Idiazabal, Itziar. 2001. Past tense verb forms, discourse context and input features in bilingual and monolingual acquisition of Basque and Spanish. In Cenoz, Jasone and Genesee, Fred (eds.), Trends in bilingual acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 107–130.
Alonqueo, Paula and Soto, Pilar. 2005. La distinción Ser/Estar y la comprensión de propiedades estables y transitorias. In Díez, Emiliano, Zubiauz, Begoña, and Mayor, María Angeles (eds.), Estudios sobre la adquisición del lenguaje. Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 281–299.
Alonqueo, Paula and Soto, Pilar. 2011. ¿Es despistado o está despistado?: infiriendo la estabilidad de los rasgos psicológicos. Psykhe 20: 33–46.
Alvarez, Esther. 2003. Character introduction in two languages: its development in the stories of a Spanish-English bilingual child age 6;11–10;11. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 6: 227–243.
Ambridge, Ben and Lieven, Elena V. M.. 2011. Child language acquisition. Contrasting theoretical approaches. Cambridge University Press.
Arias, Raquel and Lakshmanan, Usha. 2005. Code switching in a Spanish-English bilingual child: a communication resource. In Cohen, James, McAlister, Kara T., Rolstad, Kellie, and MacSwan, Jeff (eds.), ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 94–109.
Austin, Jennifer, Blume, María, Parkinson, David, Lust, Barbara, and del Prado, Zelmira Núñez. 1998. Interactions between pragmatic and syntactic knowledge in the first language acquisition of Spanish null and overt pronominals. In Lema, José and Treviño, Esthela (eds.), Theoretical research on Romance languages: selected papers from the twenty-sixth Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 35–51.
Bardovi-Harlig, Kathleen. 1995. A narrative perspective on the development of the tense/aspect system in second language acquisition. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 17: 263–291.
Barriga Villanueva, Rebeca. 2002. Estudios sobre habla infantil en los años escolares: “. . . un solecito calientote”. Mexico City: El Colegio de México.
Bates, Elizabeth and MacWhinney, Brian. 1987. Competition, variation and language learning. In MacWhinney, Brian (ed.), Mechanisms of language acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 157–193.
Bates, Elizabeth and Goodman, Judith. 1999. On the emergence of grammar from the lexicon. In MacWhinney, Brian (ed.), The emergence of language. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 29–79.
Bayley, Robert and Pease-Álvarez, Lucinda. 1997. Null pronoun variation in Mexican-descent children’s narrative discourse. Language Variation and Change 9: 349–371.
Bel, Aurora. 2003. The syntax of subjects in the acquisition of Spanish and Catalan. Probus 15: 1–26.
Bentivoglio, Paola. 1987. Los sujetos pronominales de primera persona en el habla de Caracas. Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Bentivoglio, Paola. 1989. Función y significado de la posposición del sujeto nominal en el español hablado. Estudios sobre Español de América y Lingüística Afroamericana 83: 40–58.
Bentivoglio, Paola and Sedano, Mercedes. 2000–2001. El sujeto liviano: una restricción de tipo funcional. Boletín de Filología de la Universidad de Chile 38: 9–22.
Berman, Ruth and Slobin, Dan I.. 1994. Relating events in narrative: a crosslinguistic developmental study. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bernardini, Petra and Schlyter, Suzanne. 2004. Growing syntactic structure and code-mixing in the weaker language: the ivy hypothesis. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7: 49–69.
Bhatia, Tej K. and Ritchie, William C.. 1999. The bilingual child: some issues and perspectives. In Ritchie, William C. and Bhatia, Tej K. (eds.), Handbook of child language acquisition. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 569–633.
Bialystok, Ellen. 1988. Levels of bilingualism and levels of linguistic awareness. Developmental Psychology 24: 560–567.
Blake, Robert. 1983. Mood selection among Spanish-speaking children, ages 4 to 12. The Bilingual Review 10: 21–32.
Bloom, Lois, Lifter, Karin, and Hafitz, Jeremie. 1980. Semantics of verbs and the development of verb inflection in child language. Language 56: 386–412.
Bloom, Paul. 1990. Subjectless sentences in child language. Linguistic Inquiry 21: 491–504.
Bloom, Paul. 1993. Grammatical continuity in language development: the case of subjectless sentences. Linguistic Inquiry 24: 721–734.
Bolinger, Dwight. 1954. English prosodic stress and Spanish sentence order. Hispania 37: 152–156.
Bonnesen, Matthias. 2009. The status of the “weaker” language in unbalanced French/German bilingual language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12: 177–192.
Bosch, Laura and Sebastián-Gallés, Núria. 2001. Early language differentiation in bilingual infants. In Cenoz, Jasone and Genesee, Fred (eds.), Trends in bilingual acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 71–93.
Bosque, Ignacio and Demonte, Violeta (eds.). 1999. Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, 3 vols. Madrid: Espasa.
Brinton, Laurel J. and Akimoto, Minoji. 1999. Introduction. In Brinton, Laurel J. and Akimoto, Minoji (eds.), Collocational and idiomatic aspects of composite predicates in the history of English. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1–20.
Brown, Roger. 1973. A first language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Butt, John and Benjamin, Carmen. 2004. A new reference grammar of modern Spanish, 4th edn. London: Hodder Education.
Cameron, Richard. 1992. Pronominal and null subject variation in Spanish: constraints, dialects, and functional compensation. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.
Cameron, Richard. 1993. Ambiguous agreement, functional compensation, and non-specific tú in the Spanish of San Juan, Puerto Rico, and Madrid, Spain. Language Variation and Change 5: 305–334.
Cameron, Richard and Flores-Ferrán, Nydia. 2004. Perseveration of subject expression across regional dialects of Spanish. Spanish in Context 1: 41–65.
Casielles-Suárez, Eugenia. 2004. The syntax–information structure interface: evidence from Spanish and English. New York: Routledge.
Cazden, Courtney. 1968. The acquisition of noun and verb inflections. Child Development 39: 433–448.
Chafe, Wallace. 1976. Givenness, contrastiveness, definiteness, subjects, topics, and point of view. In Li, Charles (ed.), Subject and topic. New York: Academic Press, 25–55.
Chafe, Wallace(ed.). 1980. The pear stories: cognitive, cultural and linguistic aspects of narrative production. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Chafe, Wallace. 1994. Discourse, consciousness, and time: the flow and displacement of conscious experience in speaking and writing. University of Chicago Press.
Chen, Liang and Yan, Ruixia. 2011. Development and use of English evaluative expressions in narratives of Chinese–English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14: 570–578.
Cifuentes, Hugo. 1980–81. Presencia y ausencia del pronombre personal sujeto en el habla culta de Santiago de Chile. Homenaje a Ambrosio Rabanales. Boletín de Filología de la Universidad de Chile 31: 743–752.
Clark, Eve V. 2001. Emergent categories in first language acquisition. In Bowerman, Melissa and Levinson, Stephen (eds.), Language acquisition and conceptual development. Cambridge University Press, 379–405.
Comrie, Bernard. 1976. Aspect. Cambridge University Press.
Comrie, Bernard. 1981. Language universals and linguistic typology. University of Chicago Press.
Comrie, Bernard. 1985. Tense. Cambridge University Press.
Crawford, James. 2004. Educating English learners: language diversity in the classroom. Los Angeles: Bilingual Educational Services.
Cummins, James. 1978. Bilingualism and the development of metalinguistic awareness. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 9: 131–149.
Cuza, Alejandro. 2010. The L1 attrition of the Spanish present tense. Hispania 93: 256–272.
Dahl, Östen. 2004. The growth and maintenance of linguistic complexity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
De Houwer, Annick. 1990. The acquisition of two languages from birth: a case study. Cambridge University Press.
De Houwer, Annick. 1995. Bilingual language acquisition. In Fletcher, Paul and MacWhinney, Brian (eds.), The handbook of child language. Oxford: Blackwell, 219–250.
De Houwer, Annick. 1997. The role of input in the acquisition of past verb forms in English and Dutch: evidence from a bilingual child. In Clark, Eve (ed.), Proceedings of the 28th Stanford Child Language Research Forum. Stanford, CA: CSLI (Center for the Study of Language and Information), 153–162.
De Houwer, Annick. 2005. Early bilingual acquisition: focus on morphosyntax and the Separate Development Hypothesis. In Kroll, Judith and de Groot, Annette (eds.), The handbook of bilingualism. Oxford University Press, 30–48.
De Houwer, Annick. 2009. Bilingual first language acquisition. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
De Houwer, Annick. 2011. Is “dominance” a useful concept in bilingual acquisition? Paper presented at the International Symposium on Bilingualism (ISB8), June 15–18, 2011, Oslo University, Norway.
Deprez, Viviane and Pierce, Amy. 1994. Crosslinguistic evidence for functional projections in early child grammar. In Hoekstra, Teun and Schwartz, Bonnie D. (eds.), Language acquisition studies in generative grammar: papers in honor of Kenneth Wexler from the 1991 Glow Workshops. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 57–84.
Deuchar, Margaret and Quay, Suzanne. 2000. Bilingual acquisition: theoretical implications of a case study. Oxford University Press.
Deuchar, Margaret and Muntz, Rachel. 2003. Factors accounting for code-mixing in an early developing bilingual. In Müller, Natascha (ed.), (In)vulnerable domains in multilingualism. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 161–190.
Díaz Campos, Manuel. 2001. La posición de la frase nominal-sujeto respecto al verbo: un estudio del habla infantil caraqueña. Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela.
Doğruöz, A. Seza and Backus, Ad. 2009. Innovative constructions in Dutch Turkish: an assessment of on-going contact-induced change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12: 41–63.
Döpke, Susanne. 1998. Competing language structures: the acquisition of verb placement by bilingual German-English children. Journal of Child Language 25: 555–584.
Döpke, Susanne. 2000. Generation of and retraction from cross-linguistically motivated structures in bilingual first language acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 3: 209–226.
Dorian, Nancy C. 1980. Maintenance and loss of same-meaning structures in language death. Word 31: 39–45.
Dorian, Nancy C. 2010. Investigating variation: the effects of social organization and social setting. New York: Oxford University Press.
Enríquez, Emilia V. 1984. El pronombre personal sujeto en la lengua española hablada en Madrid. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
Ezeizabarrena Segurola, María José. 1996. Adquisición de la morfología verbal en euskera y español por niños bilingües. Bilbao: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad del País Vasco.
Ezeizabarrena Segurola, María José. 2001. Dos tipos de morfología verbal, dos modos de adquisición en bilingües vasco-españoles. In Nieto, Cecilia Rojas and de León Pasquel, Lourdes (eds.), La adquisición de la lengua materna. Español, lenguas maya, euskera. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 237–263.
Ezeizabarrena Segurola, María José. 2012. Overt subjects in early Basque and other null subject languages. International Journal of Bilingualism. Available online at: (accessed August 5, 2013).
Falk, Johan. 1979. SER y ESTAR con atributos adjetivales. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell.
Fantini, Alvino E. 1974. Language acquisition of a bilingual child: a sociolinguistic perspective (to age five). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.
Fantini, Alvino E. 1985. Language acquisition of a bilingual child: a sociolinguistic perspective (to age ten). San Diego: College-Hill Press.
Fernández Fuertes, Raquel and Liceras, Juana M.. 2010. Copula omission in the English developing grammar of English/Spanish bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 13: 525–551.
Fernández Leborans, María Jesús. 1999. La predicación: las oraciones copulativas. In Bosque, Ignacio and Demonte, Violeta (eds.), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, 3 vols. Madrid: Espasa, Vol. II: 2354–2460.
Fernández Martínez, Almudena. 1994. El aprendizaje de los morfemas verbales. In Ornat, Susana López, Martínez, Almudena Fernández, Gallo, Pilar, and Mariscal, Sonia, La adquisición de la lengua española. Madrid: Siglo XXI, 29–46.
Fernández Soriano, Olga. 1999. El pronombre personal. Formas y distribuciones. Pronombres átonos y tónicos. In Bosque, Ignacio and Demonte, Violeta (eds.), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, 3 vols. Madrid: Espasa, Vol. I: 1209–1273.
Flores-Ferrán, Nydia. 2002. A sociolinguistic perspective on the use of subject personal pronouns in Spanish narratives of Puerto Ricans in New York City. Germany: Lincom-Europa.
García, Eugene E. 1983. Early childhood bilingualism. With special reference to the Mexican-American child. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
Gass, Susan and Selinker, Larry (eds.). 1992. Language transfer in language learning, rev. edn. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Gathercole, Virginia C. Mueller. 2002. Monolingual and bilingual acquisition: learning different treatments of that-trace phenomena in English and Spanish. In Oller, D. Kimbrough and Eilers, Rebecca E. (eds.), Language and literacy in bilingual children. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 220–254.
Gathercole, Virginia C. Mueller. 2007. Miami and North Wales, so far and yet so near: constructivist account of morpho-syntactic development in bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 10: 224–247.
Gathercole, Virginia C. Mueller and Thomas, Enlli M.. 2009. Bilingual first-language development: dominant language take-over, threatened minority language take-up. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12: 213–237.
Gathercole, Virginia C. Mueller, Sebastián, Eugenia, and Soto, Pilar. 1999. The early acquisition of Spanish verbal morphology: across-the-board or piecemeal knowledge?International Journal of Bilingualism 3: 133–182.
Gathercole, Virginia C. Mueller, Sebastián, Eugenia, and Soto, Pilar. 2002. The emergence of linguistic person in Spanish-speaking children. Language Learning 52: 679–722.
Gavarró, Anna and Cabré-Sans, Yolanda. 2009. Subjects, verb classes and word order in child Catalan. In Grinstead, John (ed.), Hispanic child language. Typical and impaired development. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 175–194.
Genesee, Fred. 2000. Introduction. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 3: 167–172.
Genesee, Fred, Nicoladis, Elena, and Paradis, Johanne. 1995. Language differentiation in early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language 22: 611–631.
Givón, Talmy. 1976. Topic, pronoun and grammatical agreement. In Li, Charles (ed.), Subject and topic. New York: Academic Press, 149–188.
Givón, Talmy. 1990. Syntax: a functional-typological introduction, 2 vols. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, Vol. II.
Goldberg, Adele E., Casenhiser, Devin M., and Sethuraman, Nitya. 2004. Learning argument structure generalizations. Cognitive Linguistics 15: 289–316.
Gómez Soler, Inmaculada. 2011. The L1 acquisition of gustar: evidence against maturation. In Pirvulescu, Mihaela, Cuervo, María Cristina, Pérez-Leroux, Ana T., Steele, Jeffrey, and Strik, Nelleke (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 4th conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition North America (GALANA 2010). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 51–65.
Grinstead, John. 2004. Subjects and interface delay in child Spanish and Catalan. Language 80: 40–72.
Grosjean, François. 2010. Bilingual. Life and reality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Gülzow, Insa. 2003. Early development of verbal morphology in an English-speaking child. In Bittner, Dagmar, Dressler, Wolfgang U., and Kilani-Schoch, Marianne (eds.), Development of verb inflection in first language acquisition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 205–238.
Gumperz, John and Wilson, Robert. 1971. Convergence and creolization. In Hymes, Dell (ed.), Pidginization and creolization of languages. Cambridge University Press, 151–167.
Gutiérrez, Manuel. 1995. On the future of the future tense in the Spanish of the Southwest. In Silva-Corvalán, Carmen (ed.), Spanish in four continents: studies in language contact and bilingualism. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 214–226.
Gutiérrez, Manuel. 2003. Simplification and innovation in US Spanish. Multilingua 22: 169–184.
Hamers, Josiane F. and Blanc, Michel H. A.. 2000. Bilinguality and bilingualism. Cambridge University Press.
Hartsuiker, Robert, Pickering, Martin, and Veltkamp, Eline. 2004. Is syntax separate or shared between languages? Cross-linguistic syntactic priming in Spanish-English bilinguals. Psychological Science 15: 409–414.
Hatcher, Anna Granville. 1956. Theme and underlying question: two studies of Spanish word order. Supplement to Word 12.3. Linguistic Circle of New York.
Haznedar, Belma. 2007. Crosslinguistic influence in Turkish-English bilingual first language acquisition: the overuse of subjects in Turkish. In Belikova, Alyona, Meroni, Luisa, and Umeda, Mari (eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition North America (GALANA). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 124–134.
Heine, Berndt and Kuteva, Tania. 2005. Language contact and grammatical change. Cambridge University Press.
Henry, Alison. 2004. Variation and syntactic theory. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, Peter, and Schilling-Estes, Natalie (eds.), The handbook of language variation and change. Malden: Blackwell, 267–282.
Hernández Pina, Fuensanta. 1984. Teorías psicosociolingüísticas y su aplicación a la adquisición del español como lengua materna. Madrid: Siglo XXI.
Hoff, Erika. 2006. The uses of longitudinal data and person-centered analyses in the study of cognitive and language development. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly 52: 633–644.
Hoff, Erika, Core, Cynthia, Place, Silvia, Rumiche, Rosario, Señor, Melissa, and Parra, Marisol. 2012. Dual language exposure and early bilingual development. Journal of Child Language 39: 1–27.
Hoff-Ginsberg, Erika. 1997. Language development. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Holtheuer, Carolina. 2009. Learning Ser and Estar: a study of production and comprehension in Chilean Spanish. Ph.D. dissertation, The Australian National University, Canberra.
Hulk, Aafke and Müller, Natascha. 2000. Bilingual first language acquisition at the interface between syntax and pragmatics. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 3: 227–244.
Hyams, Nina. 1986. Language acquisition and the theory of parameters. Dordrecht: Reidel.
Hyltenstam, Kenneth, Bylund, Emanuel, Abrahamsson, Niclas, and Park, Hyeon-Sook. 2009. Dominant language replacement: the case of international adoptees. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12: 121–140.
Illera, Alicia. 1999. Las perífrasis verbales de gerundio y participio. In Bosque, Ignacio and Demonte, Violeta (eds.), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, 3 vols. Madrid: Espasa, Vol. II, 3391–3441.
Ingham, Richard. 1992. The optional subject phenomenon in young children’s English: a case study. Journal of Child Language 19: 133–151.
Jackson-Maldonado, Donna and Maldonado, Ricardo. 2001. Determinaciones semánticas de la flexión verbal en la adquisición temprana del español. In Rojas Nieto, Cecilia and de León Pasquel, Lourdes (eds.), La adquisición de la lengua materna: español, lenguas mayas, euskera. Mexico: UNAM-CIESAS, 165–200.
Jake, Janice L., Myers-Scotton, Carol, and Gross, Steven. 2005. A response to MacSwan (2005): keeping the matrix language. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 8: 271–276.
Johnston, Judith R. 2001. An alternate MLU calculation: magnitude and variability of effects. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44: 156–164.
Juan-Garau, María and Pérez-Vidal, Carmen. 2000. Subject realization in the syntactic development of a bilingual child. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 3: 173–191.
Kail, Michèle. 1989. Cue validity, cue cost and processing types in sentence comprehension in French and Spanish. In MacWhinney, Brian and Bates, Elizabeth (eds.), The cross-linguistic study of sentence processing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 77–117.
Keenan, Edward and Comrie, Bernard. 1977. Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 8: 63–99.
Kidd, Evan, Lieven, Elena, and Tomasello, Michael. 2006. Examining the role of lexical frequency in the acquisition of sentential complements. Cognitive Development 21: 93–107.
King, Larry D. 1992. The semantic structure of Spanish. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Klein, Flora. 1980. A quantitative study of syntactic and pragmatic indications of change in the Spanish of bilinguals in the U.S. In Labov, William (ed.), Locating language in time and space. New York: Academic Press, 69–82.
Krasinski, Emily. 2005. The acquisition of ser and estar in the simultaneous acquisition of a bilingual child. In López, Luis Ortiz and Lacorte, Manel (eds.), Contactos y contextos lingüísticos: el español en los Estados Unidos y en contacto con otras lenguas. Madrid: Iberoamericana, 217–226.
Kuczaj, Stan A. 1977. The acquisition of regular and irregular past tense forms. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 16: 589–600.
Kupisch, Tanja. 2007. Determiners in bilingual German-Italian children: what they tell us about the relation between language influence and language dominance. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 10: 57–78.
Kupisch, Tanja. 2012. Specific and generic subjects in the Italian of German–Italian simultaneous bilinguals and L2 learners. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15: 736–756.
Kusters, Christiaan Wouter. 2003. Linguistic complexity: the influence of social change on verbal inflection. Utrecht: LOT.
La Morgia, Francesca. 2011. Bilingual first language acquisition: the nature of the weak language and the role of the input. Ph.D. dissertation, Dublin City University.
Labov, William. 1972. Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Labov, William and Waletzky, Joshua. 1967. Narrative analysis: oral versions of personal experience. In Helm, June (ed.), Essays on the verbal and visual arts. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 12–44.
Lafford, Barbara A. and Collentine, Joseph G.. 1987. Lexical and grammatical access errors in the speech of intermediate/advanced level students of Spanish. Lenguas Modernas 14: 87–112.
Lambrecht, Knud. 1994. Information structure and sentence form. Topic, focus, and the mental representations of discourse referents. Cambridge University Press.
Landa, Alazne. 1995. Conditions on null objects in Basque Spanish and their relation to leísmo and clitic doubling. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California.
Landa, Alazne and Elordui, Agurtzane. 1999. Gramáticas en contacto: condiciones de permeabilidad y tendencias universales. In Yanguas, Ángel and Salguero, Francisco J. (eds.), Estudios de lingüística descriptiva y comparada. Seville: Kronos, 229–238.
Lanza, Elizabeth. 2004. Language mixing in infant bilingualism: a sociolinguistic perspective. Pbk edn [hbk edn 1997]. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lapidus, Naomi and Otheguy, Ricardo. 2005. Overt nonspecific ellos in Spanish in New York. Spanish in Context 2: 157–174.
Leopold, Werner F. 1939–1949. Speech development of a bilingual child: a linguist’s record, 4 vols. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
Li Wei, . 2000a. Dimensions of bilingualism. In Li Wei, (ed.), The bilingualism reader. London and New York: Routledge, 3–25.
Li Wei, (ed.). 2000b. The bilingualism reader. London and New York: Routledge.
Liceras, Juana M., Fuertes, Raquel Fernández, and de la Fuente, Anahí Alba. 2012. Overt subjects and copula omission in the Spanish and the English grammar of English-Spanish bilinguals: on the locus and directionality of interlinguistic influence. First Language 32: 88–115.
Liceras, Juana M., Fuertes, Raquel Fernández, and Pérez-Tattam, Rocío. 2008. Null and overt subjects in the developing grammars (L1 English/L1 Spanish) of two bilingual twins. In Pérez-Vidal, Carmen, Juan-Garau, María, and Bel, Aurora (eds.), A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 111–134.
Lipski, John M. 1993. Creoloid phenomena in the Spanish of transitional bilinguals. In Roca, Ana and Lipski, John M. (eds.), Spanish in the United States. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 155–173.
Lipski, John M. 1994. Latin American Spanish. London: Longman.
López Ornat, Susana. 1994. La adquisición del lenguaje: talón de Aquiles y poción mágica de la teoría cognitiva. Cognitiva 6: 213–239.
Lozano, Cristóbal. 2006. The development of the syntax-information structure interface: Greek learners of Spanish. In Torrens, Vincent and Escobar, Linda (eds.), The acquisition of syntax in Romance languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 371–399.
Luján, Marta. 1981. The Spanish copulas as aspectual indicators. Lingua 54: 165–210.
Lynch, Andrew. 1999. The subjunctive in Miami Cuban Spanish: bilingualism, contact, and language variability. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
McShane, John and Whittaker, Stephen. 1988. The encoding of tense and aspect by three- to five-year-old children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 45: 52–70.
MacSwan, Jeff. 2005. Codeswitching and generative grammar: a critique of the MLF model and some remarks on “modified minimalism.” Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 8: 1–22.
MacWhinney, Brian. 1987. The competition model. In MacWhinney, Brian (ed.), Mechanisms of language acquisition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 249–308.
Malakoff, Marguerite and Hakuta, Kenji. 1991. Translation skill and metalinguistic awareness in bilinguals. In Bialystock, Ellen (ed.), Language processing in bilingual children. Cambridge University Press, 141–166.
Malkiel, Yakov. 1967. Multiple versus simple causation in linguistic change. To honor Roman Jakobson: essays on the occasion of his seventieth birthday, 11 October 1966, 3 vols. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter, Vol. II: 1228–1246.
Marchman, Virginia A. 1997. Children’s productivity in the English past tense: the role of frequency, phonology, and neighborhood structure. Cognitive Science 21: 283–303.
Marchman, Virginia and Bates, Elizabeth. 1994. Continuity in lexical and morphological development: a test of the critical mass hypothesis. Journal of Child Language 21: 339–366.
Marín, Rafael. 2004. Entre ser y estar. Madrid: Arco/Libros.
Maslen, Robert J. C., Theakston, Anna L., Lieven, Elena V. M., and Tomasello, Michael. 2004. A dense corpus study of past tense and plural overregularization in English. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47: 1319–1333.
Matos Amaral, Patricia and Schwenter, Scott. 2005. Contrast and the (non-)occurrence of subject pronouns. In Eddington, David (ed.), Selected proceedings of the 7th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 116–127.
Matras, Yaron. 2009. Language contact. Cambridge University Press.
Matthews, Danielle, Lieven, Elena, Theakston, Anna, and Tomasello, Michael. 2005. The role of frequency in the acquisition of English word order. Cognitive Development 20: 121–136.
Mayer, Mercer. 1969. Frog, where are you?New York: Dial Books for Young Readers.
Mayoral Hernández, Roberto. 2008. The locative alternation: unaccusative constructions and subject position. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California.
Mayoral Hernández, Roberto. 2011. A corpus analysis of subject position in the locative alternation: the case of ‘swarm’ verbs in Spanish. In Cortazar, Alejandro and Orozco, Rafael (eds.), Lenguaje, arte y revoluciones ayer y hoy: new approaches to Hispanic linguistic, literary, and cultural studies. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 291–314.
Meisel, Jürgen. 1986. Word order and case marking in early child language. Evidence from simultaneous acquisition of two first languages: French and German. Linguistics 24: 123–185.
Meisel, Jürgen. 1989. Early differentiation of languages in bilingual children. In Hyltenstam, Kenneth and Obler, Loraine K. (eds.), Bilingualism across the lifespan: aspects of acquisition, maturity and loss. Cambridge University Press, 13–40.
Meisel, Jürgen. 1990. Grammatical development in the simultaneous acquisition of two first languages. In Meisel, Jürgen (ed.), Two first languages: early grammatical development in bilingual children. Dordrecht: Foris, 5–22.
Meisel, Jürgen (ed.). 1992. The acquisition of verb placement. Functional categories and V2 phenomena in language acquisition. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
Meisel, Jürgen (ed.). 1994. Bilingual first language acquisition. French and German grammatical development. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Meisel, Jürgen. 2001. The simultaneous acquisition of two first languages. In Cenoz, Jasone and Genesee, Fred (eds.), Trends in bilingual acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 11–41.
Meisel, Jürgen. 2007. The weaker language in early child bilingualism: acquiring a first language like a second language?Applied Psycholinguistics 28: 495–514.
Meisel, Jürgen. 2011a. First and second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press.
Meisel, Jürgen. 2011b. Bilingual language acquisition and theories of diachronic change: bilingualism as cause and effect of grammatical change. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14: 121–145.
Mendikoetxea, Amaya. 1999. Construcciones inacusativas y pasivas. In Bosque, Ignacio and Demonte, Violeta (eds.), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, 3 vols. Madrid: Espasa, Vol. II: 1575–1629.
Miguel Aparicio, Elena. 1992. El aspecto en la sintaxis del español. Perfectividad e impersonalidad. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
Montanari, Simona. 2004. The development of narrative competence in the L1 and L2 of Spanish-English bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingualism 8: 449–497.
Montanari, Simona. 2006. Language differentiation in early trilingual development: a case study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California.
Montanari, Simona. 2010. Language differentiation in early trilingual development: evidence from a case study. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag.
Montrul, Silvina. 2002. Incomplete acquisition and attrition of Spanish tense/aspect distinctions in adult bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 5: 39–68.
Montrul, Silvina. 2004a. The acquisition of Spanish. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Montrul, Silvina. 2004b. Subject and object expression in Spanish heritage speakers: a case of morphosyntactic convergence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7: 125–142.
Montrul, Silvina. 2005. Second language acquisition and first language loss in adult early bilinguals: exploring some differences and similarities. Second Language Research 21: 199–249.
Montrul, Silvina. 2009. Knowledge of tense-aspect and mood in Spanish heritage speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism 13: 239–269.
Montrul, Silvina. 2011. Multiple interfaces and incomplete acquisition. Lingua 121: 595–604.
Montrul, Silvina and Rodríguez-Louro, Celeste. 2006. Beyond the syntax of the null subject parameter: a look at the discourse-pragmatic distribution of null and overt subjects by L2 learners of Spanish. In Torrens, Vincent and Escobar, Linda (eds.), The acquisition of syntax in Romance languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 400–418.
Montrul, Silvina, Foote, Rebecca, and Perpiñán, Silvia. 2008. Gender agreement in adult second language learners and Spanish heritage speakers: the effects of age and context of acquisition. Language Learning 58: 503–553.
Morales, Amparo. 1986. Gramáticas en contacto: análisis sintácticos sobre el español de Puerto Rico. Madrid: Playor.
Mougeon, Raymond and Beniak, Edouard. 1991. Linguistic consequences of language contact and restriction. The case of French in Ontario, Canada. Oxford: Clarendon.
Mufwene, Salikoko S. 1999. On the language bioprogram hypothesis: hints from Tazie. In DeGraff, Michel (ed.), Creolization, diachrony, and language acquisition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 95–127.
Mufwene, Salikoko S.. 2001. The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge University Press.
Müller, Natascha and Hulk, Aafke. 2001. Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual language acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 4: 1–21.
Murrell, Martin. 1966. Language acquisition in a trilingual environment: notes from a case study. Studia Linguistica 20: 9–35.
Muysken, Pieter. 1981. Creole tense/mood/aspect systems: the unmarked case? In Muysken, Pieter (ed.), Generative studies on Creole languages. Dordrecht: Foris, 181–199.
Myers-Scotton, Carol. 1993. Social motivations for code-switching. Evidence from Africa. Oxford: Clarendon.
Myers-Scotton, Carol. 1997. Codeswitching. In Coulmas, F. (ed.), The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, 217–237.
Naigles, Letitia R. and Hoff-Ginsberg, Erika. 1998. Why are some verbs learned before other verbs? Effects of input frequency and structure on children’s early verb use. Journal of Child Language 25: 95–120.
Nicoladis, Elena. 2006. Cross-linguistic transfer in adjective-noun strings by preschool bilingual children. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 9: 15–32.
O’Grady, William. 1997. Syntactic development. University of Chicago Press.
O’Grady, William. 2005. How children learn language. Cambridge University Press.
Ocampo, Francisco. 1989. The pragmatics of word order in spoken Rioplatense Spanish. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California.
Ocampo, Francisco. 1993. The introduction of new referents in French and Spanish discourse: one constraint, two strategies. In Ashby, William J., Mithun, Marianne, Perissinotto, Giorgio, and Raposo, Eduardo (eds.), Linguistic perspectives on the Romance languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 351–362.
Ocampo, Francisco. 2002. The word order of constructions with ser and estar, a subject NP, and an adjective in spoken Spanish. In Lee, James F. (ed.), Structure, meaning, and acquisition in Spanish. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 212–229.
Ocampo, Francisco. 2003. The expression of topic in spoken Spanish: an empirical study. In Núñez-Cedeño, Rafael, López, Luis, and Cameron, Richard (eds.), A Romance perspective on language knowledge and use. Selected papers from the 31st Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL), Chicago, 19–22 April 2001. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 195–208.
Ocampo, Francisco. 2004. Word-order variation in spoken Spanish in constructions with a verb, a direct object, and an adverb. The interaction of syntactic, cognitive, pragmatic, and prosodic features. In Contini-Morava, Ellen, Kirsner, Robert S., and Rodriguez-Bachiller, Betsy (eds.), Cognitive and communicative approaches to linguistic analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 341–360.
Ocampo, Francisco. 2005. The word order of constructions with an intransitive verb, a subject, and an adverb in spoken Spanish. In Eddington, David (ed.), Selected proceedings of the 7th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 142–157.
Ocampo, Francisco. 2009. El orden de palabras en el español hablado. La construcción Sujeto Verbo Objeto Directo. In Rigat, Montserrat Veyrat and Alegre, Enrique Serra (eds.), La lingüística como reto epistemológico y como acción social. Madrid: Arco/Libros, 501–511.
Ocampo, Francisco and Klee, Carol. 1995. Spanish OV/VO word-order variation in Spanish-Quechua bilingual speakers. In Silva-Corvalán, Carmen (ed.), Spanish in four continents: studies in language contact and bilingualism. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 71–82.
Ortiz López, Luis A. 2010. El español del Caribe: orden de palabras a la luz de la interfaz léxico-sintaxis y sintaxis-pragmática. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 14: 75–94.
Otheguy, Ricardo. 2003. Las piedras nerudianas se tiran al norte: meditaciones lingüísticas sobre Nueva York. Insula. Revista de Letras y Ciencias Humanas 679–80: 13–19.
Otheguy, Ricardo, Zentella, Ana Celia, and Livert, David. 2007. Language and dialect contact in Spanish in New York: towards the formation of a speech community. Language 83: 770–802.
Paradis, Johanne. 2001. The use of subjects by a Spanish-English bilingual child. In Cantone, Katja F. and Hinzelin, Marc-Olivier (eds.), Proceedings of the Colloquium on Structure, Acquisition, and Change of Grammars: Phonological and Syntactic Aspects, 2 vols. (Working Papers in Multilingualism 27), Vol. II: 67–77.
Paradis, Johanne. 2010. Bilingual children’s acquisition of English verb morphology: effects of language exposure, structure complexity, and task type. Language Learning 60: 651–680.
Paradis, Johanne and Genesee, Fred. 1996. Syntactic acquisition in bilingual children: autonomous or interdependent?Studies in Second Language Acquisition 18: 1–25.
Paradis, Johanne and Navarro, Samuel. 2003. Subject realization and crosslinguistic interference in the bilingual acquisition of Spanish and English. Journal of Child Language 30: 371–393.
Paredes Silva, Vera Lúcia. 1993. Subject omission and functional compensation: evidence from written Brazilian Portuguese. Language Variation and Change 5: 35–49.
Parker, Matthew and Brorson, Kent. 2005. A comparative study between mean length of utterance in morphemes (MLUm) and mean length of utterance in words (MLUw). First Language 25: 1–12.
Pavlenko, Aneta (ed.). 2011. Thinking and speaking in two languages. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Pearson, Barbara Zurer. 2002. Narrative competence among monolingual and bilingual school children in Miami. In Oller, D. Kimbrough and Eilers, Rebecca E. (eds.), Language and literacy in bilingual children. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 135–174.
Pérez Brabandere, Vanessa. 2010. Los sujetos pronominales de primera persona en el español de Caracas 2004–2010. M.A. thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas.
Pérez-Leroux, Ana Teresa. 2011. What I don’t understand about interfaces. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 1: 71–73.
Pérez Pereira, Miguel. 1991. The acquisition of gender: what Spanish children tell us. Journal of Child Language 18: 571–590.
Pinker, Steven. 2000. The language instinct: how the mind creates language. New York: Perennial Classics.
Pizzuto, Elena and Caselli, Maria Cristina. 1992. The acquisition of Italian morphology: implications for models of language development. Journal of Child Language 19: 491–557.
Polinsky, Maria. 2008. Gender under incomplete acquisition: heritage speakers’ knowledge of noun categorization. Heritage Language Journal 6: 40–71.
Ponce Romero, Xóchitl T. 2006. La adquisición de construcciones copulares en español y su relación con el input. Paper presented at IX Encuentro Internacional de Lingüística en el Noroeste. Universidad de Sonora, Mexico.
Ponce Romero, Xóchitl T.. 2008. La adquisición temprana de los verbos ser y estar en español. M.A. thesis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, D.F.
Poplack, Shana. 1993. Variation theory and language contact. In Preston, Dennis (ed.), American dialect research: an anthology celebrating the 100th anniversary of the American Dialect Society. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 251–286.
Poplack, Shana. 2012. What does the Nonce Borrowing Hypothesis hypothesize?Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15: 644–648.
Poplack, Shana, Zentz, Lauren, and Dion, Nathalie. 2012. Phrase-final prepositions in Quebec French: an empirical study of contact, code-switching and resistance to convergence. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15: 203–225.
Potowski, Kim. 2005. Tense and aspect in the oral and written narratives of two-way immersion students. In Eddington, David (ed.), Selected proceedings of the 6th Conference on the Acquisition of Spanish and Portuguese as First and Second Languages. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project, 123–136.
Pountain, Christopher. 1982. Essere/stare as a Romance phenomenon. In Vincent, Nigel and Harris, Martin (eds.), Studies in the Romance verb. London: Croom Helm, 139–60.
Prince, Ellen. 1992. On syntax in discourse, in language contact situations. In Kramsch, Claire and McConnell-Ginet, Sally (eds.), Text and context: cross-disciplinary perspectives on language study. Boston, MA: D. C. Heath, 98–112.
Ranson, Diana L. 1991. Person marking in the wake of /s/ deletion in Andalusian Spanish. Language Variation and Change 3: 133–152.
Reyes, Claudia. 1996. Narrar a los 6 años: algunas características de narraciones producidas por niños de la ciudad de Monterrey. Mexico: El Colegio de México.
Rojas Nieto, Cecilia. 2003. Early acquisition of Spanish verb inflexion. A usage-based account. Psychology of Language and Communication 7: 17–35.
Rojas Nieto, Cecilia. 2009. ‘Starting small’ effects in the acquisition of early relative constructions in Spanish. In Givón, Talmy and Shibatani, Masayoshi (eds.), Syntactic complexity. Diachrony, acquisition, neuro-cognition, evolution. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 277–310.
Rojas Nieto, Cecilia. In press. ¿Te acuerdas?, cuéntame. La emergencia de la narración. In Barriga, Rebeca (ed.), Estudios sobre el desarrollo de la narración. Mexico: El Colegio de México.
Romaine, Suzanne. 1989. Bilingualism. Oxford: Blackwell.
Ronjat, Jules. 1913. Le développement du langage observé chez un enfant bilingue. Paris: Champion.
Rothman, Jason. 2009. Pragmatic deficits with syntactic consequences?: L2 pronominal subjects and the syntax-pragmatics interface. Journal of Pragmatics 41: 951–973.
Ryan, John M. and Lafford, Barbara A.. 1992. Acquisition of lexical meaning in a study abroad environment: ser and estar and the Granada experience. Hispania 75: 714–722.
Salaberry, Maximo Rafael. 2011. Assessing the effect of lexical aspect and grounding on the acquisition of L2 Spanish past tense morphology among L1 English speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 14: 184–202.
Salaberry, Maximo Rafael and Shirai, Yasuhiro (eds.). 2002. The L2 acquisition of tense-aspect morphology. Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
Schlyter, Suzanne. 1993. The weaker language in bilingual Swedish-French children. In Hyltenstam, Kenneth and Viberg, Ake (eds.), Progression and regression in language: sociocultural, neuropsychological and linguistic perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 289–308.
Schmitt, Christina and Miller, Karen. 2007. Making discourse-dependent decisions: the case of the copulas ser and estar in Spanish. Lingua 117: 1907–1929.
Schmitt, Christina, Holtheuer, Carolina, and Miller, Karen. 2004. Acquisition of copulas ser and estar in Spanish: learning lexico-semantics, syntax and discourse. BUCLD 28 Online Proceedings Supplement. Available online at: (accessed August 5, 2013).
Schnitzer, Marc L. and Krasinski, Emily. 1996. The development of segmental phonological production in a bilingual child. Journal of Child Language 23: 547–571.
Schwegler, Armin. 1991. Negation in Palenquero: synchrony. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 6: 165–214.
Sera, Maria D. 1992. To be or to be: use and acquisition of the Spanish copulas. Journal of Memory and Language 31: 408–427.
Serrano, María José and Oliva, Miguel Ángel Aijón. 2010. La posición variable del sujeto pronominal en relación con la cortesía interactiva. Pragmalingüística 18: 170–204.
Serrano, María José and Oliva, Miguel AngelAijón. 2012. Prominencia cognitiva, informatividad textual y variación: valores comunicativos del sujeto posverbal en las cláusulas declarativas. In Wotjak, Gerd, Padrón, Dolores García, and del Carmen Fumero Pérez, María, (eds.), Estudios sobre lengua, cultura y cognición. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 227–236.
Serratrice, Ludovica. 2000. The emergence of functional categories in bilingual first language acquisition. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.
Serratrice, Ludovica. 2001. The emergence of verbal morphology and the lead-lag pattern issue in bilingual acquisition. In Cenoz, Jasone and Genesee, Fred (eds.), Trends in bilingual acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 43–70.
Serratrice, Ludovica. 2002. Overt subjects in English: evidence for the marking of person in an English-Italian bilingual child. Journal of Child Language 29: 327–355.
Serratrice, Ludovica. 2007. Referential cohesion in the narratives of bilingual English-Italian children and monolingual peers. Journal of Pragmatics 39: 1058–1087.
Serratrice, Ludovica, Sorace, Antonella, and Paoli, Sandra. 2004. Crosslinguistic influence at the syntax-pragmatics interface: subjects and objects in English-Italian bilingual and monolingual acquisition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7: 183–205.
Shatz, Marilyn. 1994. A toddler’s life. Becoming a person. New York: Oxford University Press.
Shin, Naomi Lapidus and Cairns, Helen Smith. 2009. Subject pronouns in child Spanish and continuity of reference. In Collentine, Joseph, García, Maryellen, Lafford, Barbara, and Marín, Francisco Marcos (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 11th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 155–164.
Shipley, Kenneth G. and Maddox, Mary A.. 1991. Children’s development of irregular past tense verb forms. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 22: 115–122.
Shirai, Yasuhiro and Andersen, Roger. 1995. The acquisition of tense-aspect morphology: a prototype account. Language 71: 743–762.
Siguán, Miguel. 2008. Prologue. In Vidal, Carmen Pérez, Juan-Garau, María, and Bel, Aurora, (eds.), A portrait of the young in the new multilingual Spain. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1–17.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1977. A discourse study of word order in the Spanish spoken by Mexican-Americans in West Los Angeles. M.A. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1982. Subject variation in spoken Mexican-American Spanish. In Amastae, Jon and Elías-Olivares, Lucía (eds.), Spanish in the United States: sociolinguistic aspects. New York: Cambridge University Press, 93–120.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1983a. Tense and aspect in oral Spanish narrative. Language 59: 760–780.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1983b. On the interaction of word order and intonation: some OV constructions in Spanish. In Klein-Andreu, Flora (ed.), Discourse perspectives on syntax. New York: Academic Press, 117–140.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1986. Bilingualism and language change: the extension of estar in Los Angeles Spanish. Language 62: 587–608.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1991a. Invariant meanings and context-bound functions of tense in Spanish. In Gvozdanovic, Jadranka and Janssen, Theodorus (eds.), in collaboration with Dahl, Östen, The function of tense in texts. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 255–270.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1991b. Spanish language attrition in a contact situation with English. In Seliger, Herbert W. and Vago, Robert M. (eds.), First language attrition. Cambridge University Press, 151–171.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1994. Language contact and change: Spanish in Los Angeles. Oxford: Clarendon.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1997. Variación sintáctica en el discurso oral: problemas metodológicos. In Fernández, Francisco Moreno (ed.), Trabajos de sociolingüística hispánica. Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá, 115–135.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 1998. On borrowing as a mechanism of syntactic change. In Schwegler, Armin (ed.), Romance linguistics: theoretical perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 225–246.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 2001. Sociolingüística y pragmática del español. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 2003a. Linguistic consequences of reduced input in bilingual first language acquisition. In Montrul, Silvina and Ordóñez, Francisco (eds.), Linguistic theory and language development in Hispanic languages. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 375–397.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 2003b. Otra mirada a la expresión del sujeto como variable sintáctica. In Fernández, Francisco Moreno, Gimeno, Francisco, Samper, Juan Antonio, Gutiérrez, Mariluz, Vaquero, María, and Hernández, César, (eds.), Lengua, variación y contexto. Madrid: Arco/Libros, 849–860.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 2003c. Narrating in English and Spanish: story-telling in the words of a 5-year-old bilingual. Revista Internacional de Lingüística Iberoamericana 1: 849–860.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen. 2008. The limits of convergence in language contact. Journal of Language Contact. Thema 2: 215–225.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen and Terrell, Tracy. 1989. Notas sobre la expresión de futuridad en el español del Caribe. Hispanic Linguistics 2: 191–208.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen and Montanari, Simona. 2008. The acquisition of ser, estar (and be) by a Spanish-English bilingual child: the early stages. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11: 341–368.
Silva-Corvalán, Carmen and Lynch, Andrew. 2009. Los mexicanos. In Morales, Humberto López (ed.), Enciclopedia del español en los Estados Unidos. Madrid: Instituto Cervantes y Santillana, 104–111.
Slabakova, Roumyana. 2008. Meaning in the second language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Slabakova, Roumyana and Ivanov, Ivan. 2011. A more careful look at the syntax-discourse interface. Lingua 121: 637–651.
Slobin, Dan I. 1973. Cognitive prerequisites for the development of grammar. In Ferguson, Charles and Slobin, Dan (eds.), Studies of child language development. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 175–208.
Slobin, Dan I. and Bever, Thomas. 1982. Children use canonical sentence schemas: a crosslinguistic study of word order and inflections. Cognition 12: 229–265.
Smith, Carlota S. 1983. A theory of aspectual choice. Language 59: 470–501.
Sorace, Antonella. 2000. Gradients in auxiliary selection with intransitive verbs. Language 76: 859–890.
Sorace, Antonella. 2011. Pinning down the concept of “interface” in bilingualism. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 1: 1–33.
Sorace, Antonella and Serratrice, Ludovica. 2009. Internal and external interfaces in bilingual language development: beyond structural overlap. International Journal of Bilingualism 13: 1–16.
Spinner, Patti and Grinstead, John. 2006. Subjects, topicalizations and wh-questions in child German and southern Romance. In Sagarra, Nuria and Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline (eds.), Selected proceedings of the 9th Hispanic Linguistics Symposium. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 241–251.
Stammers, Jonathan R. and Deuchar, Margaret. 2012. Testing the nonce borrowing hypothesis: counter-evidence from English-origin verbs in Welsh. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15: 630–643.
Szagun, Gisela. 1978. On the frequency of use of tenses in English and German children’s spontaneous speech. Child Development 49: 898–901.
Tagliamonte, Sali A. 2006. Analysing sociolinguistic variation. Cambridge University Press.
Theakston, Anna L., Lieven, Elena V. M., Pine, Julian M., and Rowland, Caroline F.. 2002. Going, going, gone: the acquisition of the verb ‘go’. Journal of Child Language 29: 783–811.
Theakston, Anna L., Lieven, Elena V. M., Pine, Julian M., and Rowland, Caroline F.. 2005. The acquisition of auxiliary syntax: BE and HAVE. Cognitive Linguistics 16: 247–277.
Thomason, Sarah. 2001. Language contact. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
Thomason, Sarah and Kaufman, Terrence. 1988. Language contact, creolization and genetic linguistics. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Tomasello, Michael. 1992. First verbs. A case study of early grammatical development. Cambridge University Press.
Tomasello, Michael. 1998. Introduction: a cognitive-functional perspective on language structure. In Tomasello, Michael (ed.), The new psychology of language: cognitive and functional approaches to language structure. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, vii–xxiii.
Tomasello, Michael. 2003. Constructing a language. A usage-based theory of language acquisition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Tomasello, Michael. 2005. Beyond formalities: the case of language acquisition. The Linguistic Review 22: 183–197.
Tomasello, Michael and Haberl, Katharina. 2003. Understanding attention: 12- and 18-month-olds know what is new for other persons. Developmental Psychology 39: 906–912.
Toribio, Almeida J. 2004. Convergence as an optimization strategy in bilingual speech: evidence from code-switching. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 7: 165–173.
Torres-Cacoullos, Rena. 2000. Grammaticization, synchronic variation, and language contact: a study of Spanish progressive -ndo constructions. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Travis, Catherine E. 2007. Genre effects on subject expression in Spanish: priming in narrative and conversation. Language Variation and Change 19: 101–35.
Treffers-Daller, Jeanine. 2009. Language dominance and lexical diversity: how bilinguals and L2 learners differ in their knowledge and use of French lexical and functional items. In Richards, Brian, Daller, Helmut, Malvern, David D., Meara, Paul, Milton, James, and Treffers-Daller, Jeanine (eds.), Vocabulary studies in first and second language acquisition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 74–90.
Treffers-Daller, Jeanine. 2011. Operationalising and measuring language dominance. In Daller, Michael H., Malvern, David D., Meara, Paul, Milton, James, Richards, Brian, and Treffers-Daller, Jeanine (eds.), Measurement of bilingual proficiency. Special issue of International Journal of Bilingualism 15: 147–163.
Tsimpli, Ianthi-Maria and Sorace, Antonella. 2006. Differentiating interfaces: L2 performance in syntax-semantics and syntax-discourse phenomena. In Bamman, David, Magnitskaia, Tatiana, and Zaller, Colleen (eds.), Proceedings of the 30th annual Boston Conference on Language Development. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 653–664.
Tucker, G. Richard. 1998. A global perspective on multilingualism and multilingual education. In Cenoz, Jasone and Genesee, Fred (eds.), Beyond bilingualism: multilingualism and multilingual education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 3–15.
Uccelli, Paola and Páez, Mariela M.. 2007. Narrative and vocabulary development of bilingual children from kindergarten to first grade: developmental changes and associations among English and Spanish skills. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 38: 225–236.
United States Census. 2010. Available online at: (accessed August 5, 2013).
Unsworth, Sharon. 2003. Testing Hulk & Müller (2000) on crosslinguistic influence: root infinitives in a bilingual German/English child. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 6: 143–158.
Unsworth, Sharon. 2013. Assessing the role of current and CUMULATIVE exposure in simultaneous bilingual acquisition: the case of Dutch gender. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16: 86–110.
Valian, Virginia. 1991. Syntactic subjects in the early speech of American and Italian children. Cognition 40: 21–81.
VanPatten, Bill. 1985. The acquisition of ser and estar by adult learners of Spanish: a preliminary investigation of transitional stages of competence. Hispania 68: 399–406.
Vañó-Cerdá, Antonio. 1982. Ser y estar + adjetivos: un estudio sincrónico y diacrónico. Tübingen: Narr.
Vasilyeva, Marina, Waterfall, Heidi, Gámez, Perla B., Gómez, Ligia E., Bowers, Edmond, and Shimpi, Priya. 2010. Cross-linguistic syntactic priming in bilingual children. Journal of Child Language 37: 1047–1064.
Vendler, Zeno. 1957. Verbs and times. The Philosophical Review 66: 143–160.
Verhoeven, Ludo and Strömqvist, Sven (eds.). 2001. Narrative development in a multilingual context. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Volterra, Virginia and Taeschner, Traute. 1978. The acquisition and development of language by bilingual children. Journal of Child Language 5: 311–326.
Weinreich, Uriel. 1974. Languages in contact. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter. (Originally published in 1953.)
Weisleder, Adriana and Waxman, Sandra. 2010. What’s in the input? Frequent frames in child-directed speech offer distributional cues to grammatical categories in Spanish and English. Journal of Child Language 37: 1089–1108.
Wilson, Stephen. 2003. Lexically specific constructions in the acquisition of inflection in English. Journal of Child Language 30: 75–115.
Winford, Donald. 2003. An introduction to contact linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
Woolsey, Daniel. 2008. From theory to research: contextual predictors of ‘estar + adjective’ and the study of the SLA of Spanish copula choice. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11: 277–295.
Yan, Stephanie and Nicoladis, Elena. 2009. Finding le mot juste: differences between bilingual and monolingual children’s lexical access in comprehension and production. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 12: 323–335.
Yip, Virginia and Matthews, Stephen. 2005. Dual input and learnability: null objects in Cantonese-English bilingual children. In Cohen, James, McAlister, Kara T., Rolstad, Kellie, and MacSwan, Jeff (eds.), ISB4: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press, 2421–2431.
Yip, Virginia and Matthews, Stephen. 2006. Assessing language dominance in bilingual acquisition: a case for mean length utterance differentials. Language Assessment Quarterly 3: 97–116.
Yip, Virginia and Matthews, Stephen. 2007. The bilingual child: early development and language contact. Cambridge University Press.
Yip, Virginia and Matthews, Stephen. 2011. Language dominance and wh-interrogatives in Cantonese-English bilingual development: MLU differentials show what? Paper presented at the International Symposium on Bilingualism (ISB8), June 15–18, 2011, Oslo University, Norway.
Zentella, Ana Celia. 1997. Growing up bilingual. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Zubizarreta, María Luisa. 1999. Las funciones informativas: tema y foco. In Bosque, Ignacio and Demonte, Violeta (eds.), Gramática descriptiva de la lengua española, 3 vols. Madrid: Espasa, Vol. III: 4215–4244.
Zwanziger, Elizabeth, Allen, Shanley, and Genesee, Fred. 2005. Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual acquisition: subject omission in learners of Inuktitut and English. Journal of Child Language 32: 893–909.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.