Asian American literature has always focused not only on arrival, immigration, and assimilation, but also on return, transpacific crossings, and transnational connections. Asian American return narratives have described America (Fukuzawa); promoted intercultural understanding (Yung); critiqued repatriate return and rescue (Rizal, Bulosan); revisited the wartime and Cold War conduct of authors' ancestral countries; and addressed the wounds of historical erasure. Japanese American return narratives include immigrant returns (Sugimoto, Reischauer), nisei narratives in which returning to Japan complements accounts of Japanese North American internment or forced removal (Kogawa), wartime returns (Yoshida, Tomita), and sansei scholars' sojourns (Kondo, Minatoya, Mura). Chinese diasporic return narratives describe the PRC when it first reopened to Americans (1971) (Wong, Chiang); a repatriate's persecution (Wu); US sojourns, transpacific family connections, and separation (Kingston, See, Chong). By mythologizing return as a means for second-generation self-discovery and resolution of immigrant loss and mourning (racial melancholia), Amy Tan made Chinese wartime suffering memorable.