Two operettas – Emmerich Kálmán’s Gräfin Mariza (Countess Maritza) and Franz Lehár’s Cloclo – opened in Vienna eight days apart. The works reflect different approaches to the genre: lavishness in the first and modesty in the second. In both works, new styles of syncopated dances appear alongside classic operetta waltzes for specific dramaturgical reasons. Gräfin Mariza is set in Hungary and reflects many of the anxieties being felt in Vienna following the Great War. Cloclo is set in France and. in addition to its many up-to-date elements, including a foxtrot with lyrics referring directly to flapper culture, includes references to Lehár’s biggest hit: The Merry Widow.