Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- CHAPTER XII INHERITANCE
- CHAPTER XIII INHERITANCE continued – REVERSION OR ATAVISM
- CHAPTER XIV INHERITANCE continued – FIXEDNESS OF CHARACTER – PREPOTENCY – SEXUAL LIMITATION – CORRESPONDENCE OF AGE
- CHAPTER XV ON CROSSING
- CHAPTER XVI CAUSES WHICH INTERFERE WITH THE FREE CROSSING OF VARIETIES – INFLUENCE OF DOMESTICATION ON FERTILITY
- CHAPTER XVII ON THE GOOD EFFECTS OF CROSSING, AND ON THE EVIL EFFECTS OF CLOSE INTERBREEDING
- CHAPTER XVIII ON THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CHANGED CONDITIONS OF LIFE: STERILITY FROM VARIOUS CAUSES
- CHAPTER XIX SUMMARY OF THE FOUR LAST CHAPTERS, WITH REMARKS ON HYBRIDISM
- CHAPTER XX SELECTION BY MAN
- CHAPTER XXI SELECTION–continued
- CHAPTER XXII CAUSES OF VARIABILITY
- CHAPTER XXIII DIRECT AND DEFINITE ACTION OF THE EXTERNAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE
- CHAPTER XXIV LAWS OF VARIATION – USE AND DISUSE, ETC
- CHAPTER XXV LAWS OF VARIATION, continued – CORRELATED VARIABILITY
- CHAPTER XXVI LAWS OF VARIATION, continued – SUMMARY
- CHAPTER XXVII PROVISIONAL HYPOTHESIS OF PANGENESIS
- CHAPTER XXVIII CONCLUDING REMARKS
- INDEX
CHAPTER XXIII - DIRECT AND DEFINITE ACTION OF THE EXTERNAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 July 2011
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- CHAPTER XII INHERITANCE
- CHAPTER XIII INHERITANCE continued – REVERSION OR ATAVISM
- CHAPTER XIV INHERITANCE continued – FIXEDNESS OF CHARACTER – PREPOTENCY – SEXUAL LIMITATION – CORRESPONDENCE OF AGE
- CHAPTER XV ON CROSSING
- CHAPTER XVI CAUSES WHICH INTERFERE WITH THE FREE CROSSING OF VARIETIES – INFLUENCE OF DOMESTICATION ON FERTILITY
- CHAPTER XVII ON THE GOOD EFFECTS OF CROSSING, AND ON THE EVIL EFFECTS OF CLOSE INTERBREEDING
- CHAPTER XVIII ON THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CHANGED CONDITIONS OF LIFE: STERILITY FROM VARIOUS CAUSES
- CHAPTER XIX SUMMARY OF THE FOUR LAST CHAPTERS, WITH REMARKS ON HYBRIDISM
- CHAPTER XX SELECTION BY MAN
- CHAPTER XXI SELECTION–continued
- CHAPTER XXII CAUSES OF VARIABILITY
- CHAPTER XXIII DIRECT AND DEFINITE ACTION OF THE EXTERNAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE
- CHAPTER XXIV LAWS OF VARIATION – USE AND DISUSE, ETC
- CHAPTER XXV LAWS OF VARIATION, continued – CORRELATED VARIABILITY
- CHAPTER XXVI LAWS OF VARIATION, continued – SUMMARY
- CHAPTER XXVII PROVISIONAL HYPOTHESIS OF PANGENESIS
- CHAPTER XXVIII CONCLUDING REMARKS
- INDEX
Summary
If we ask ourselves why this or that character has been modified under domestication, we are, in most cases lost in utter darkness. Many naturalists, especially of the French school, attribute every modification to the “monde ambiant,” that is, to changed climate, with all its diversities of heat and cold, dampness and dryness, light and electricity, to the nature of the soil, and to varied kinds and amount of food. By the term definite action, as used in this chapter, I mean an action of such a nature that, when many individuals of the same variety are exposed during several generations to any change in their physical conditions of life, all, or nearly all the individuals, are modified in the same manner. A new sub-variety would thus be produced without the aid of selection.
I do not include under the term of definite action the effects of habit or of the increased use and disuse of various organs. Modifications of this nature, no doubt, are definitely caused by the conditions to which the beings are subjected; but they depend much less on the nature of the conditions than on the laws of growth; hence they are included under a distinct head in the following chapter. We know, however, far too little of the causes and laws of variation to make a sound classification.
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- The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication , pp. 271 - 292Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2010