Social science research is increasingly moving toward a model of open and accessible data. Accessibility opens possibilities of allowing secondary analysis, enhancing pedagogy, and supporting research transparency. This chapter argues that these benefits will accrue more quickly, and will be more significant and more enduing, if researchers make their data "meaningfully accessible," that is, when the data can be interpreted and analyzed by scholars far beyond those who generated them. Making data meaningfully accessible requires researchers to prepare data for sharing and to take advantage of a growing range of tools for publishing and preserving data.