I conclude with three final overarching sets of observations. First, I make explicit some aspects of the coherentist method, which I modelled in the last three chapters. Second, I highlight some emerging themes for criminal law theory of ICL (and particularly the exploration of deontic principles). Third, I survey some additional issues in ICL and criminal law theory to which the proposed frame of inquiry could be fruitfully applied in the future.

The purpose of this Annex is to address some of the responses to ‘Identity Crisis’, in order to better clarify five main points of possible confusion.

In this annex, I outline common concerns with the joint criminal enterprise (JCE), and explore the reasoning that led to these problems, to show the pitfalls of exuberant reasoning that does not engage adequately with the deontic dimension.