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6 - Jacobin Novelist and Defender of the Rights of Woman

from Part II - England

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Summary

There is no reciprocality in the laws respecting matrimony

Gilbert Imlay, The Emigrants

If the transformation from a hapless Kentucky land-jobber to a best-selling London topographer had been an unlikely change of fortune, Imlay's reinventing himself as a writer of political-sentimental fiction was at first sight an even more startling metamorphosis. Yet, in the experimental and highly politicized print culture of the 1790s, such genre crossing was by no means exceptional. Indeed, to the utmost chagrin of their conservative opponents, generic fluidity became something of a conscious discursive strategy among many radical authors. These Jacobin literati had recently discovered that aesthetic eclecticism allowed them to break up conventional moulds and modes of thinking, while it at the same time rendered their ideas less susceptible to anti-Jacobin satire and diatribe. The best-known cross-genre political writer was William Godwin. In his novel Things As They Are; or, The Adventures of Caleb Williams (1794), Godwin notoriously blended the discourses of political thought with various modes of popular fiction to create that ‘diabolical’ fabrication which the anti-Jacobins referred as a ‘political novel’ – an oxymoronic novelty they believed was aesthetically disgusting, morally revolting and ideologically suspect. Thus, Henry James Pye in his anti-Jacobin novel The Aristocrat:

Such are the arts of the poet to interest his readers, and commendable is such art when used to inculcate virtuous principles, or even to afford innocent amusement. But diabolical is the attempt to collect and connect every possible event in such a manner, as to produce a probable series of incidents that shall make mankind dissatisfied with their natural or political situation, or plead an excuse for the breach of fidelity and chastity.

Sympathizers of the radical school hailed the generic and ideological promiscuity of the ‘political romance’ as a radical modernization of the literary discourse. William Enfield was quick to note the potential of Godwin's Caleb Williams as a tool to popularize political debate in a sympathetic review for the Jacobin Monthly Review:

Between fiction and philosophy there seems to be no natural alliance: – yet philosophers, in order to obtain for their dogmata a more ready reception, have oft en judged it expedient to introduce them to the world in the captivating dress of fable … [Caleb Williams] is singularly entitled to be characterized as a work in which the powers of genius and philosophy are strongly united.

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Gilbert Imlay
Citizen of the World
, pp. 123 - 140
Publisher: Pickering & Chatto
First published in: 2014

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