Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T13:02:14.940Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 34 - The Biology of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures

from Section 5 - Treatment Considerations for Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2018

By
Richard A. Kanaan  and
Maryam Ejarah Dar
Edited by
W. Curt LaFrance, Jr  and
Steven C. Schachter
W. Curt LaFrance, Jr
Affiliation:
Brown Medical School, Providence
Steven C. Schachter
Affiliation:
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Gates and Rowan's Nonepileptic Seizures , pp. 358 - 369
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Shorter, E. From Paralysis to Fatigue: A History of Psychosomatic Illness in the Modern Era. New York: Free Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Kanaan, RA, Armstrong, D, Wessely, SC. Neurologists’ understanding and management of conversion disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011;82:961–966.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charcot, JM. Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System. London: New Sydenham Society, 1889.Google Scholar
Kanaan, RAA, McGuire, PK. Conceptual challenges in the neuroimaging of psychiatric disorders. Philos Psychiatry Psychol 2011;18:323–332.Google Scholar
LaFrance, WC Jr., Baker, GA, Duncan, R, Goldstein, LH, Reuber, M. Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a staged approach: a report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force. Epilepsia 2013;54:2005–2018.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baslet, G. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a model of their pathogenic mechanism. Seizure 2011;20:1–13.Google Scholar
Devinsky, O, Mesad, S, Alper, K. Nondominant hemisphere lesions and conversion nonepileptic seizures. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2001;13:367–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nežádal, T, Hovorka, J, Herman, E, et al. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: our video-EEG experience. Neurol Res 2011;33:694–700.Google Scholar
Jones, SG, O'Brien, TJ, Adams, SJ, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Psychosom Med 2010;72:487–497.Google Scholar
Reuber, M, Qurishi, A, Bauer, J, et al. Are there physical risk factors for psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy? Seizure 2003;12:561–567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raskin, M, Talbott, JA, Meyerson, AT. Diagnosis of conversion reactions. Predictive value of psychiatric criteria. JAMA 1966;197:530–534.Google Scholar
Vuilleumier, P. Hysterical conversion and brain function. Prog Brain Res 2005;150:309–329.Google Scholar
Scott, RL, Anson, JG. Neural correlates of motor conversion disorder. Motor Control 2009;13:161–184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Labate, A, Cerasa, A, Mula, M, et al. Neuroanatomic correlates of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a cortical thickness and VBM study. Epilepsia 2012;53:377–385.Google Scholar
Bakvis, P, Roelofs, K, Kuyk, J, et al. Trauma, stress, and preconscious threat processing in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia 2009;50:1001–1011.Google Scholar
Ding, J-R, An, D, Liao, W, et al. Altered functional and structural connectivity networks in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. PLoS One 2013;8:e63850.Google Scholar
He, Y, Evans, A. Graph theoretical modeling of brain connectivity. Curr Opin Neurol 2010;23:341–350.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, R, Liu, K, Ma, X, et al. Altered functional connectivity patterns of the insular subregions in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Brain Topogr 2014;8:636–645.Google Scholar
van der Kruijs, SJM, Bodde, NMG, Vaessen, MJ, et al. Functional connectivity of dissociation in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012;83:239–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Desmond, JE, Glover, GH. Estimating sample size in functional MRI (fMRI) neuroimaging studies: statistical power analyses. J Neurosci Methods 2002;118:115–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perez, DL, Dworetzky, BA, Dickerson, BC, et al. An integrative neurocircuit perspective on psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and functional movement disorders: neural functional unawareness. Clin EEG Neurosci 2014;46:4–15.Google Scholar
Cragar, DE, Berry, DTR, Fakhoury, TA, Cibula, JE, Schmitt, FA. A review of diagnostic techniques in the differential diagnosis of epileptic and nonepileptic seizures. Neuropsychol Rev 2002;12:31–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Paesschen, W. Ictal SPECT. Epilepsia 2004;45 (Suppl 4):35–40.Google Scholar
Price, H, Rosenbaum, D, Rowan, A, Snyder, SL. Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow by SPECT in non-epileptic seizure disorder patients. Epilepsia 1992;33:54.Google Scholar
Katz, A, Spencer, SS. The role of ictal SPECT in the diagnosis of psychogenic seizures. Epilepsia 1992;33:53.Google Scholar
Biraben, A, Taussig, D, Bernard, AM, et al. Video-EEG and ictal SPECT in three patients with both epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Epileptic Disord 1999;1:51–55.Google Scholar
Pritchard, P, Topping, K, Wagner, M. Utility of SPECT scans in nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia 2003;44:84.Google Scholar
Neiman, ES, Noe, KH, Drazkowski, JF, Sirven, JI, Roarke, MC. Utility of subtraction ictal SPECT when video-EEG fails to distinguish atypical psychogenic and epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2009;15:208–212.Google Scholar
Willmore, LJ, Wheless, JW, Curtis, VL, et al. SPECT abnormalities in patients with nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia 1992;33:53–54.Google Scholar
Wheless, JW, Galan, A, Barron, BJ, et al. Nonepileptic seizures: diagnostic verification with ictal and interictal SPECT. Epilepsia 1993;34:140.Google Scholar
Varma, AR, Moriarty, J, Costa, DC, et al. HMPAO SPECT in non-epileptic seizures: preliminary results. Acta Neurol Scand 1996;94:88–92.Google Scholar
Ettinger, AB, Coyle, PK, Jandorf, L, et al. Postictal SPECT in epileptic versus nonepileptic seizures. J Epilepsy 1998;11:67–73.Google Scholar
Craig, AD. How do you feel – now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009;10:59–70.Google Scholar
Menon, V, Uddin, LQ. Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function. Brain Struct Funct 2010;214:655–667.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singhal, T. Positron emission tomography applications in clinical neurology. Semin Neurol 2012;32:421–431.Google Scholar
Kumar, A, Chugani, HT. The role of radionuclide imaging in epilepsy, Part 1: Sporadic temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy. J Nucl Med 2013;54:1775–1781.Google Scholar
Arthuis, M, Micoulaud-Franchi, JA, Bartolomei, F, McGonigal, A, Guedj, E. Resting cortical PET metabolic changes in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015;86:1106–1112.Google Scholar
van Beilen, M, Vogt, BA, Leenders, KL. Increased activation in cingulate cortex in conversion disorder: what does it mean? J Neurol Sci 2010;289:155–158.Google Scholar
Shin, LM, Whalen, PJ, Pitman, RK, et al. An fMRI study of anterior cingulate function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2001;50:932–942.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wessely, S, White, PD. There is only one functional somatic syndrome. Br J Psychiatry 2004;185:95–96.Google Scholar
Paola, LD, Marchetti, RL, Teive, HAG, LaFrance, WC. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and psychogenic movement disorders: two sides of the same coin? Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2014;72:793–802.Google Scholar
Ionta, S, Gassert, R, Blanke, O. Multi-sensory and sensorimotor foundation of bodily self-consciousness – an interdisciplinary approach. Front Psychol 2011;2:383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, SG, O'Brien, TJ, Adams, SJ, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Psychosom Med 2010;72:487–497.Google Scholar
Xu, P, Xiong, XC, Xue, Q, et al. Differentiating between psychogenic nonepileptic seizures and epilepsy based on common spatial pattern of weighted EEG resting networks. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014;61:1747–1755.Google Scholar
Knyazeva, MG, Jalili, M, Frackowiak, RS, Rossetti, AO. Psychogenic seizures and frontal disconnection: EEG synchronisation study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011;82:505–511.Google Scholar
Raichle, ME, Snyder, AZ. A default mode of brain function: a brief history of an evolving idea. Neuroimage 2007;37:1083–1090; discussion 1097–1099.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Lange, FP, Roelofs, K, Toni, I. Increased self-monitoring during imagined movements in conversion paralysis. Neuropsychologia 2007;45:2051–2058.Google Scholar
Zhu, X, Wang, X, Xiao, J, et al. Evidence of a dissociation pattern in resting-state default mode network connectivity in first-episode, treatment-naive major depression patients. Biol Psychiatry 2012;71:611–617.Google Scholar
Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Eur Heart J 1996;17:354–381.Google Scholar
Lotufo, PA, Valiengo, L, Bensenor, IM, Brunoni, AR. A systematic review and meta-analysis of heart rate variability in epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsia 2012;53:272–282.Google Scholar
Porges, SW. A phylogenetic journey through the vague and ambiguous Xth cranial nerve: a commentary on contemporary heart rate variability research. Biol Psychol 2007;74:301–307.Google Scholar
Opherk, C, Hirsch, LJ. Ictal heart rate differentiates epileptic from non-epileptic seizures. Neurology 2002;58:636–638.Google Scholar
Ponnusamy, A, Marques, JLB, Reuber, M. Comparison of heart rate variability parameters during complex partial seizures and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia 2012;53:1314–1321.Google Scholar
Reinsberger, C, Perez, DL, Murphy, MM, Dworetzky, BA. Pre- and postictal, not ictal, heart rate distinguishes complex partial and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2012;23:68–70.Google Scholar
Oliveira, GR, Gondim, FdeA, Hogan, ER, Rola, FH. Movement-induced heart rate changes in epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2009;67:789–791.Google Scholar
Friedman, BH, Thayer, JF. Anxiety and autonomic flexibility: a cardiovascular approach. Biol Psychol 1998;49:303–323.Google Scholar
Cohen, H, Matar, MA, Kaplan, Z, Kotler, M. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability in psychiatry. Psychother Psychosom 1999;68:59–66.Google Scholar
Goldstein, LH, Mellers, JD. Ictal symptoms of anxiety, avoidance behaviour, and dissociation in patients with dissociative seizures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:616–621.Google Scholar
Stone, J, Carson, AJ. The unbearable lightheadedness of seizing: wilful submission to dissociative (non-epileptic) seizures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2013;84:822–824.Google Scholar
Ulrich-Lai, YM, Herman, JP. Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nat Rev Neurosci 2009;10:397–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharpe, D, Faye, C. Non-epileptic seizures and child sexual abuse: a critical review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev 2006;26:1020–1040.Google Scholar
Tunca, Z, Fidaner, H, Cimilli, C, et al. Is conversion disorder biologically related with depression? A DST study. Biol Psychiatry 1996;39:216–219.Google Scholar
Bakvis, P, Spinhoven, P, Giltay, EJ, et al. Basal hypercortisolism and trauma in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia 2010;51:752–759.Google Scholar
Tunca, Z, Ergene, U, Fidaner, H, et al. Reevaluation of serum cortisol in conversion disorder with seizure (pseudoseizure). Psychosomatics 2000;41:152–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacobson, L. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis: neuropsychiatric aspects. Compr Physiol 2014;4:715–738.Google Scholar
Autry, AE, Monteggia, LM. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2012;64:238–258.Google Scholar
Celik Guzel, E, Bakkal, E, Guzel, S, et al. Can low brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels be a marker of the presence of depression in obese women? Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014;10:2079–2086.Google Scholar
LaFrance, WC Jr., Leaver, K, Stopa, EG, Papandonatos, GD, Blum, AS. Decreased serum BDNF levels in patients with epileptic and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Neurology 2010;75:1285–1291.Google Scholar
Duman, RS, Monteggia, LM. A neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:1116–1127.Google Scholar
Trimble, MR. Serum prolactin in epilepsy and hysteria. Br Med J 1978;2:1682.Google Scholar
Chen, DK, So, YT, Fisher, RS. Use of serum prolactin in diagnosing epileptic seizures: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2005;65:668–675.Google Scholar
Dickinson, P, Looper, KJ. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a current overview. Epilepsia 2012;53:1679–1689.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×