Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of icons
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Acetazolamide
- 2 Alemtuzumab
- 3 Almotriptan
- 4 Alteplase
- 5 Amantadine
- 6 Amifampridine
- 7 Amitriptyline
- 8 Apixaban
- 9 Apomorphine
- 10 Aprepitant
- 11 Aripiprazole
- 12 Armodafinil
- 13 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
- 14 Azathioprine
- 15 Baclofen
- 16 Benztropine
- 17 Bevacizumab
- 18 Botulinum Toxin Type A
- 19 Botulinum Toxin Type B
- 20 Bromocriptine
- 21 Bupropion
- 22 Carbamazepine
- 23 Carisoprodol
- 24 Carmustine
- 25 Chlorpromazine
- 26 Citalopram
- 27 Clobazam
- 28 Clonazepam
- 29 Clonidine
- 30 Clopidogrel
- 31 Clozapine
- 32 Corticotropin
- 33 Cyclobenzaprine
- 34 Cyclophosphamide
- 35 Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)
- 36 Cyproheptadine
- 37 Dabigatran Etexilate
- 38 Dalfampridine
- 39 Dantrolene
- 40 Desvenlafaxine
- 41 Dexamethasone
- 42 Dextromethorphan/Quinidine
- 43 Diazepam
- 44 Diclofenac
- 45 Dihydroergotamine
- 46 Dimethyl Fumarate
- 47 Dipyridamole and Aspirin
- 48 Donepezil
- 49 Droperidol
- 50 Droxidopa
- 51 Duloxetine
- 52 Edoxaban
- 53 Edrophonium
- 54 Eletriptan
- 55 Entacapone
- 56 Escitalopram
- 57 Eslicarbazepine Acetate
- 58 Ethosuximide
- 59 Everolimus
- 60 Ezogabine
- 61 Felbamate
- 62 Fingolimod
- 63 Flunarizine
- 64 Frovatriptan
- 65 Gabapentin
- 66 Galantamine
- 67 Glatiramer Acetate
- 68 Guanfacine
- 69 Haloperidol
- 70 Heparin
- 71 Indomethacin
- 72 Interferon-Β
- 73 Intravenous Immunoglobulin (Ivig)
- 74 Lacosamide
- 75 Lamotrigine
- 76 Levetiracetam
- 77 Levodopa and Carbidopa
- 78 Levomilnacipran
- 79 Lidocaine
- 80 Lithium
- 81 Mannitol
- 82 Meclizine
- 83 Memantine
- 84 Metaxalone
- 85 Methocarbamol
- 86 Methotrexate
- 87 Methylergonovine
- 88 Metoclopramide
- 89 Mexiletine
- 90 Milnacipran
- 91 Mirtazapine
- 92 Mitoxantrone
- 93 Modafinil
- 94 Mycophenolate Mofetil
- 95 Nabiximols
- 96 Naratriptan
- 97 Natalizumab
- 98 Netupitant/Palonosetron
- 99 Nimodipine
- 100 Nortriptyline
- 101 Olanzapine
- 102 Ondansetron
- 103 Oxcarbazepine
- 104 Penicillamine
- 105 Perampanel
- 106 Phenobarbital
- 107 Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
- 108 Pizotifen
- 109 Pramipexole
- 110 Prednisone
- 111 Pregabalin
- 112 Primidone
- 113 Prochlorperazine
- 114 Promethazine
- 115 Propranolol
- 116 Pyridostigmine
- 117 Quetiapine
- 118 Quinine Sulfate
- 119 Ramelteon
- 120 Rasagiline
- 121 Reserpine
- 122 Riluzole
- 123 Rituximab
- 124 Rivaroxaban
- 125 Rivastigmine
- 126 Rizatriptan
- 127 Ropinirole
- 128 Rotigotine Transdermal System
- 129 Rufinamide
- 130 Selegiline
- 131 Sodium Oxybate
- 132 Sumatriptan
- 133 Suvorexant
- 134 Tasimelteon
- 135 Temozolomide
- 136 Teriflunomide
- 137 Tetrabenazine
- 138 Tiagabine
- 139 Timolol
- 140 Tizanidine
- 141 Topiramate
- 142 Trientine Hydrochloride
- 143 Trihexyphenidyl
- 144 Valproic Acid
- 145 Venlafaxine
- 146 Verapamil
- 147 Vigabatrin
- 148 Vilazodone
- 149 Vortioxetine Hydrobromide
- 150 Warfarin
- 151 Zolmitriptan
- 152 Zonisamide
- List of Abbreviations
- Index by Drug Name
- Index by Use
- Index by Class
147 - Vigabatrin
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 October 2020
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of icons
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- 1 Acetazolamide
- 2 Alemtuzumab
- 3 Almotriptan
- 4 Alteplase
- 5 Amantadine
- 6 Amifampridine
- 7 Amitriptyline
- 8 Apixaban
- 9 Apomorphine
- 10 Aprepitant
- 11 Aripiprazole
- 12 Armodafinil
- 13 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
- 14 Azathioprine
- 15 Baclofen
- 16 Benztropine
- 17 Bevacizumab
- 18 Botulinum Toxin Type A
- 19 Botulinum Toxin Type B
- 20 Bromocriptine
- 21 Bupropion
- 22 Carbamazepine
- 23 Carisoprodol
- 24 Carmustine
- 25 Chlorpromazine
- 26 Citalopram
- 27 Clobazam
- 28 Clonazepam
- 29 Clonidine
- 30 Clopidogrel
- 31 Clozapine
- 32 Corticotropin
- 33 Cyclobenzaprine
- 34 Cyclophosphamide
- 35 Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin)
- 36 Cyproheptadine
- 37 Dabigatran Etexilate
- 38 Dalfampridine
- 39 Dantrolene
- 40 Desvenlafaxine
- 41 Dexamethasone
- 42 Dextromethorphan/Quinidine
- 43 Diazepam
- 44 Diclofenac
- 45 Dihydroergotamine
- 46 Dimethyl Fumarate
- 47 Dipyridamole and Aspirin
- 48 Donepezil
- 49 Droperidol
- 50 Droxidopa
- 51 Duloxetine
- 52 Edoxaban
- 53 Edrophonium
- 54 Eletriptan
- 55 Entacapone
- 56 Escitalopram
- 57 Eslicarbazepine Acetate
- 58 Ethosuximide
- 59 Everolimus
- 60 Ezogabine
- 61 Felbamate
- 62 Fingolimod
- 63 Flunarizine
- 64 Frovatriptan
- 65 Gabapentin
- 66 Galantamine
- 67 Glatiramer Acetate
- 68 Guanfacine
- 69 Haloperidol
- 70 Heparin
- 71 Indomethacin
- 72 Interferon-Β
- 73 Intravenous Immunoglobulin (Ivig)
- 74 Lacosamide
- 75 Lamotrigine
- 76 Levetiracetam
- 77 Levodopa and Carbidopa
- 78 Levomilnacipran
- 79 Lidocaine
- 80 Lithium
- 81 Mannitol
- 82 Meclizine
- 83 Memantine
- 84 Metaxalone
- 85 Methocarbamol
- 86 Methotrexate
- 87 Methylergonovine
- 88 Metoclopramide
- 89 Mexiletine
- 90 Milnacipran
- 91 Mirtazapine
- 92 Mitoxantrone
- 93 Modafinil
- 94 Mycophenolate Mofetil
- 95 Nabiximols
- 96 Naratriptan
- 97 Natalizumab
- 98 Netupitant/Palonosetron
- 99 Nimodipine
- 100 Nortriptyline
- 101 Olanzapine
- 102 Ondansetron
- 103 Oxcarbazepine
- 104 Penicillamine
- 105 Perampanel
- 106 Phenobarbital
- 107 Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
- 108 Pizotifen
- 109 Pramipexole
- 110 Prednisone
- 111 Pregabalin
- 112 Primidone
- 113 Prochlorperazine
- 114 Promethazine
- 115 Propranolol
- 116 Pyridostigmine
- 117 Quetiapine
- 118 Quinine Sulfate
- 119 Ramelteon
- 120 Rasagiline
- 121 Reserpine
- 122 Riluzole
- 123 Rituximab
- 124 Rivaroxaban
- 125 Rivastigmine
- 126 Rizatriptan
- 127 Ropinirole
- 128 Rotigotine Transdermal System
- 129 Rufinamide
- 130 Selegiline
- 131 Sodium Oxybate
- 132 Sumatriptan
- 133 Suvorexant
- 134 Tasimelteon
- 135 Temozolomide
- 136 Teriflunomide
- 137 Tetrabenazine
- 138 Tiagabine
- 139 Timolol
- 140 Tizanidine
- 141 Topiramate
- 142 Trientine Hydrochloride
- 143 Trihexyphenidyl
- 144 Valproic Acid
- 145 Venlafaxine
- 146 Verapamil
- 147 Vigabatrin
- 148 Vilazodone
- 149 Vortioxetine Hydrobromide
- 150 Warfarin
- 151 Zolmitriptan
- 152 Zonisamide
- List of Abbreviations
- Index by Drug Name
- Index by Use
- Index by Class
Summary
THERAPEUTICS
Brands
• Sabril
Generic?
• No
Class
• Antiepileptic drug (AED)
Commonly Prescribed for
(FDA approved in bold)
• Refractory complex partial seizures in patients ≥ 10 years of age, as adjunctive therapy in patients who have responded inadequately to several alternative treatments
• Infantile spasms: monotherapy in infants 1 month to 2 years of age
• Panic disorder
• Cocaine or methamphetamine dependence
How the Drug Works
• Inhibits catabolism of GABA by inhibiting GABA transaminase (GABA-T). This increases synaptic levels of GABA but does not act directly on GABA receptors. May decrease levels of excitatory neurotransmitters (glutamate, aspartate, glutamine) in the brain
How Long Until It Works
• Seizures: by 2 weeks
If It Works
• Seizures: goal is the remission of seizures. Continue as long as effective and well tolerated
• Monitor vision every 3–6 months
If It Doesn't Work
• Increase to highest tolerated dose
• Epilepsy: consider changing to another agent, adding a second agent, using a medical device, or a referral for epilepsy surgery evaluation. When adding a second agent, keep drug interactions in mind
Best Augmenting Combos for Partial Response or Treatment-Resistance
• Often used in combination with other AEDs. Lack of significant drug interactions makes it easier to use than many other AEDs
Tests
• No regular blood tests are recommended
ADVERSE EFFECTS (AEs)
How the Drug Causes AEs
• CNS AEs are probably caused by changes in GABA levels
Notable AEs
• Somnolence, fatigue, weight gain, headache, dizziness, anxiety, depression, ataxia, hyperactivity (children), psychosis (adults), upper respiratory tract infection
Life-Threatening or Dangerous AEs
• Retinal atrophy and visual field defects in about one-third of patients, peaking at 1 year but occurring as soon as a few weeks. Visual field loss may be irreversible
Weight Gain
• Not unusual
Sedation
• Not unusual
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Essential NeuropharmacologyThe Prescriber's Guide, pp. 543 - 545Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2015