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1 - The First “Medieval” Advocates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 October 2022

Jonathan R. Lyon
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
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Summary

This chapter analyzes the earliest medieval evidence for the position of advocate. It argues that, rather than relying on top-down sources such as Frankish legal texts (capitularies) and the canons of Church councils, we need to focus on what named advocates are described as doing in eighth- and early ninth-century sources. Taking this approach, it demonstrates that advocates first emerged in the Frankish empire in the mid-eighth century and then proliferated rapidly under Charlemagne. Contrary to the standard argument that these Carolingian advocates were official, legal representatives for ecclesiastics at court, the chapter contends that – from the beginning – advocates were closely tied to the local territorial interests of monasteries and churches and frequently pushed the limits of their formal responsibilities.

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Corruption, Protection and Justice in Medieval Europe
A Thousand-Year History
, pp. 23 - 43
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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