Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T23:16:18.374Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part I - Psychology Health and Illness

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2019

Carrie D. Llewellyn
Affiliation:
University of Sussex
Susan Ayers
Affiliation:
City, University of London
Chris McManus
Affiliation:
University College London
Stanton Newman
Affiliation:
City, University of London
Keith J. Petrie
Affiliation:
University of Auckland
Tracey A. Revenson
Affiliation:
City University of New York
John Weinman
Affiliation:
King's College London
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Appleton, A. A., Buka, S. L., McCormick, , et al. (2011). Emotional functioning at age 7 years is associated with C-reactive protein in middle adulthood. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 295303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ashman, S. B., Dawson, G., Panagiotides, H., et al. (2002). Stress hormone levels of children of depressed mothers. Development and Psychopathology, 14, 333349.Google Scholar
Belsky, J. Bakermanns-Kranenburg, M. J. & van Ijzendiirn, M. H. (2007). For better and worse: differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 300304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bibace, R., Schmidt, L. R. & Walsh, M. E. (1994). Children’s perceptions of illness. In Penny, G. N., Bennett, P. & Herbert, M. (eds), Health Psychology: A Lifespan Perspective (pp. 1330). London: Harwood.Google Scholar
Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University (n.d.). Toxic stress. Retrieved from http://developingchild.harvard.edu/science/key-concepts/toxic-stress.Google Scholar
Cheetham, T. J., Turner-Cobb, J. M. & Gamble, T. (2016). Children’s implicit understanding of the stress-illness link: testing development of health cognitions. British Journal of Health Psychology, 21, 781795.Google Scholar
Chen, E., Miller, G. E., Lachman, M. E., Gruenewald, T. L. & Seeman, T. E. (2012). Protective factors for adults from low-childhood socioeconomic circumstances: the benefits of shift-and-persist for allostatic load. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74, 178186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chryssanthopoulou, C. C., Turner-Cobb, J. M., Lucas, A. et al. (2005). Childcare as a stabilizing influence on HPA axis functioning: a reevaluation of maternal occupational patterns and familial relations. Developmental Psychobiology, 47, 354368.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crisp, J., Ungerer, J. A. & Goodnow, J. J. (1996). The impact of experience on children’s understanding of illness. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 21(1), 5772.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dettling, A. C., Parker, S. W., Lane, S. et al. (2000). Quality of care and temperament determine changes in cortisol concentrations over the day for young children in childcare. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 819836.Google Scholar
Ellis, B. & Boyce, W. (2008). Biological sensitivity to context. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 183187.Google Scholar
Evans, G. W. & Kim, P. (2012). Childhood poverty and young adults’ allostatic load: the mediating role of childhood cumulative risk exposure. Psychological Science, 23, 979983.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guardino, C. M., Dunkel Shetter, C., Saxby, D. E. et al. (2016). Diurnal salivary cortisol patterns prior to pregnancy predict infant birth weight. Health Psychology, 35, 625633.Google Scholar
Gunnar, M. & Quevedo, K. (2007). The neurobiology of stress and development. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 145173.Google Scholar
Halligan, S. L., Herbert, J., Goodyer, I. M., et al. (2004). Exposure to postnatal depression predicts elevated cortisol in adolescent offspring. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 376381.Google Scholar
Heim, C., Ehlert, U. & Hellhammer, D. H. (2000). The potential role of hypocortisolism in the pathophysiology of stress-related bodily disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 135.Google Scholar
Hergenrather, J. R. & Rabinowitz, M. (1991). Age-related differences in the organization of children’s knowledge of illness. Developmental Psychology, 27, 952959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hertzman, C. (1999). The biological embedding of early experience and its effects on health in adulthood. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 8595.Google Scholar
Jansen, J., Beijers, R., Riksen-Walraven, M., et al. (2010). Cortisol reactivity in young infants. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 329338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., Gouin, J. P., Weng, N. P., et al. (2011). Childhood adversity heightens the impact of later-life caregiving stress on telomere length and inflammation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73, 1622.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal and Coping. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Lupien, S., King, S., Meaney, M. J., et al. (2001). Can poverty get under your skin? Basal cortisol levels and cognitive function in children from low and high socioeconomic status. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 653676.Google Scholar
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., et al. (2009). Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10, 434445.Google Scholar
Marin, T. J., Chen, E., Munch, J. A. & Miller, G. E. (2009). Double-exposure to acute stress and chronic family stress is associated with immune changes in children with asthma. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 378384.Google Scholar
Mastorakos, G. & Ilias, I. (2000). Maternal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in pregnancy and the postpartum period: postpartum-related disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 900, 95106.Google Scholar
McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 171179.Google Scholar
Merlot, E., Couret, D. & Otten, W. (2008). Prenatal stress, fetal imprinting and immunity. Brain Behavior & Immunity, 22, 4251.Google Scholar
Michaud, K., Matheson, K., Kelly, O. & Anisman, H. (2008). Impact of stressors in a natural context on release of cortisol in healthy adult humans: a meta-analysis. Stress, 11, 177197.Google Scholar
Miller, G. E., Chen, E. & Zhou, E. S. (2007). If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in humans. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 2545.Google Scholar
Nicolson, N. A., Davis, M. C., Kruszewski, D. & Zautra, A. J. (2010). Childhood maltreatment and diurnal cortisol patterns in women with chronic pain. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72, 471480.Google Scholar
Normandeau, S., Wins, I., Jutras, S., et al., (1998). A description of 5- to 12-year old children’s conception of health within the context of their daily life. Psychology & Health, 13, 883896.Google Scholar
O’Donnell, K., O’Connor, T. G. & Glover, V. (2009). Prenatal stress and neurodevelopment of the child: focus on the HPA axis and role of the placenta. Developmental Neuroscience, 31, 285292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, A., Janal, M. N. & Roy, M. (2010). Childhood trauma and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72, 833838.Google Scholar
Shirtcliff, E. A., Coe, C. L. & Pollak, S. D. (2009). Early childhood stress is associated with elevated antibody levels to herpes simplex virus type 1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States Of America, 106, 29632967.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slopen, N., Lewis, T. T., Gruenewald, T. L., et al. (2010). Early life adversity and inflammation in African Americans and whites in the midlife in the United States survey. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72, 694701.Google Scholar
Spitzer, C., Bouchain, M., Winkler, L. Y., et al. (2012). Childhood trauma in multiple sclerosis: a case-control study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 74, 312318.Google Scholar
Sterling, P. & Eyer, J. (1988). Allostasis: a new paradigm to explain arousal pathology. In Fisher, S. & Reason, J. (eds), Handbook of Life Stress, Cognition and Health (pp. 629649). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Turner-Cobb, J. M. (2014). Child Health Psychology. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Turner-Cobb, J. M., Rixon, L. & Jessop, D. S. (2008). A prospective study of diurnal cortisol responses to the social experience of school transition in four-year-old children: anticipation, exposure, and adaptation. Developmental Psychobiology, 50, 377389.Google Scholar
Turner-Cobb, J. M., Rixon, L. & Jessop, D. S. (2011). Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis activity and upper respiratory tract infection in young children transitioning to primary school. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 214, 309317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van den Bergh, B. R., Mulder, E. J., Mennes, M., & Glover, V. (2005). Antenatal maternal anxiety and stress and the neurobehavioural development of the fetus and child: links and possible mechanisms. A review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 29, 237258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vermeer, H. J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Groeneveld, M. G., et al. (2012). Downregulation of the immune system in low-quality child care: the case of secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in toddlers. Physiology and Behavior, 105, 161167.Google Scholar
Wegman, H. L. & Stetler, C. (2009). A meta-analytic review of the effects of childhood abuse on medical outcomes in adulthood. Psychosomatic Medicine, 71, 805812.Google Scholar
Wolf, J. M., Miller, G. E. & Chen, E. (2008). Parent psychological states predict changes in inflammatory markers in children with asthma and healthy children. Brain, Behavior & Immunity, 22, 433441.Google Scholar
Yim, I. S., Quas, J. A., Cahill, L., et al. (2010). Children’s and adults’ salivary cortisol responses to an identical psychosocial laboratory stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 241248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

Boscarino, J. A. (2008). A prospective study of PTSD and early-age heart disease mortality among Vietnam veterans: Implications for surveillance and prevention. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70, 668676.Google Scholar
Butler, R. N. (2002). The life review. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 35, 710.Google Scholar
Elder, G. H. (1998). The lifecourse as developmental theory. Child Development, 69, 112.Google Scholar
Engelfriet, P. M., Jansen, E. H. J. M., Picavet, H. S. J. & Dollé, M. E. T. (2013). Biochemical markers of aging for longitudinal studies in humans. Epidemiologic Reviews, 35, 132151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erikson, E. H. (1982). The Life Cycle Completed: A Review. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Kubzansky, L. D., Koenen, K. C., Spiro, A., Vokonas, P. S. & Sparrow, D. (2007). Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and coronary heart disease in the Normative Aging Study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 109116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogle, C. M., Rubin, D. C. & Siegler, I. C. (2013a). The impact of the developmental timing of trauma exposure on PTSD symptoms and psychosocial functioning among older adults. Developmental Psychology, 49, 21912200.Google Scholar
Ogle, C. M., Rubin, D. C., Berntsen, D. & Siegler, I. C. (2013b). The frequency and impact of exposure to potentially traumatic events over the life course. Clinical Psychological Science, 1, 426434.Google Scholar
Ogle, C. M., Rubin, D. C. & Siegler, I. C. (2014a). Cumulative exposure to traumatic events in older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 18, 316325.Google Scholar
Ogle, C. M., Rubin, D. C. & Siegler, I. C. (2014b). Changes in neuroticism following trauma exposure. Journal of Personality, 82, 93102.Google Scholar
Ogle, C. M., Rubin, D. C. & Siegler, I. C. (2015). The relation between insecure attachment and posttraumatic stress: Early life versus adulthood traumas. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7, 324332.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogle, C. M., Rubin, D. C. & Siegler, I. C. (2016). Accounting for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with pre- and post-trauma risk factors: a longitudinal study. Clinical Psychological Science, 4, 272286.Google Scholar
Ogle, C. M., Siegler, I. C., Beckham, J. C. & Rubin, D. C. (2017). Neuroticism increases PTSD symptom severity by amplifying the emotionality, rehearsal, and centrality of trauma memories. Journal of Personality, 85(5), 702715.Google Scholar
Power, C., Kuh, D. & Morton, S. (2013). From developmental origins of adult disease to life course research on adult development. Annual Review of Public Health, 34, 728.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaie, K. W. (1965). A general model for the study of developmental problems. Psychological Bulletin, 64, 92107.Google Scholar
Siegler, I. C. (2016). Policy brief: Biobehavioral risk factors in coronary heart disease. Syracuse University, Aging Studies Institute. http://info.maxwell.syr.edu/asi/IleneSieglerPolicyBrief/Google Scholar
Siegler, I. C., Peterson, B. L., Barefoot, J. C. & Williams, R. B. (1992). Hostility during late adolescence predicts coronary risk factors at mid-life. American Journal of Epidemiology, 136(2), 146154.Google Scholar
Singh, A., Babyak, M. A., Brummett, B. H., et al. (2015). Computing a synthetic chronic psychosocial stress measurement in multiple datasets and its application in the replication of G x E interactions of the EBF1 gene. Genetic Epidemiology, 39(6), 489497.Google Scholar

References

Brueggemann, B. J. (2013). Disability studies/disability culture. In Wehmeyer, M. L. (ed.), Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and disability (pp. 279299). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Courtney-Long, E. A., Carroll, D. D., Zhang, Q. C., et al. (2015). Prevalence of disability and disability types among adults: United States, 2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64 (29), 777783.Google Scholar
Dunn, D. S. (2015). The Social Psychology of Disability. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Dunn, D. S. & Andrews, E. E. (2015). Person-first and identity-first language: developing psychologists’ cultural competence using disability language. American Psychologist, 70, 255264.Google Scholar
Hamilton, B. B., Granger, C. V., Sherwin, F. S., Zielezny, M. & Tashman, J. S. (1987). A uniform national data system for medical rehabilitation. In Fuhrer, M. J. (ed.), Rehabilitation Outcomes: Analysis and Measurement (Vol. 10, pp. 137147). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.Google Scholar
Heinemann, A. W. & Mallinson, T. (2010). Functional status and quality-of-life measures. In Frank, R. G., Rosenthal, M. & Caplan, B. (eds), Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology (2nd ed., pp. 147164). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Horner-Johnson, W., Dobbertin, K., Lee, J. C., Andresen, E. M. & the Expert Panel on Disability and Health Disparities (2014). Receipt of prevention services by disability type: analysis of the medical expenditure panel survey. Health Services Research, 49, 19801999.Google Scholar
Houston, A., Gomes, A. M. & Naccarato, T. (2016). Moderate to severe psychological distress, disability, and non-receipt of past year visits to a mental health professional. Disability and Health Journal, 9, 735740.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houtenville, A. J. (2013). 2013 Annual Compendium of Disability Statistics. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.Google Scholar
Houtenville, A. J., Brucker, D. L. & Lauer, E. A. (2016). Annual Compendium of Disability Statistics: 2015. Durham, NH: University of New Hampshire, Institute on Disability.Google Scholar
Iezzoni, L. I. (2011). Eliminating health and health care disparities among the growing population of people with disabilities. Health Affairs, 30, 19471954.Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine. (2007). The Future of Disability in America. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine. (2015). Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Kaplan, R. M. (2002). Quality of life: an outcomes perspective. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83 (Suppl. 2), S44S50.Google Scholar
Musumeci, M. (2011). Modernizing Medicaid eligibility criteria for children with significant disabilities: moving from a disabling to an enabling paradigm. American Journal of Law & Medicine, 37, 81127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Okoro, C. A., Dhingra, S. S. & Li, C. (2014). A triple play: psychological distress, physical comorbidities, and access and use of health services among U. S. adults with disabilities. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 25, 814836.Google Scholar
Rath, J. F. & Elliott, T. (2012). Psychological models in rehabilitation psychology. In Kennedy, P. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Rehabilitation Psychology (pp. 3246). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau. (2012). Americans with disabilities: 2010. U.S. Department of Commerce: Economics and Statistics Administration.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2002). Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions: Building Blocks for Action. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2011). World Report on Disability. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

References

Acheson, D. (1998) Independent Inquiry in Inequalities in Health. London: The Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Ackernecht, E. W. (1947) The role of medical history in medical education Bull Hist Med, 2: 1.Google Scholar
Bartley, M (2004). Health Inequality: An Introduction to Theories, Concepts and Methods. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Bartley, M. & Blane, D. (2008) Inequality & social class. In: Scambler, Graham (ed.) Sociology as Applied to Medicine (6th edn). London: Saunders/Elsevier.Google Scholar
Bircher, J. (2005) Towards a dynamic definition of health and disease. Med Health Care Philos, 8: 335341.Google Scholar
Black Report (1980) Inequalities in Health: Report of a Research Working Group. London: DHSS.Google Scholar
Blaxter, M. (1990) Health and Lifestyles. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Cockerham, W. (2013) Social Causes of Health and Disease. Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Cornwell, J. (1984) Hard-Earned Lives: Accounts of Health and Illness from East London. London: Tavistock.Google Scholar
Department of Health (1999) Our Healthier Nation – Reducing Health Inequalities: An Action Report. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar
Elstad, J. (1998) The psycho-social perspective on social inequalities in health. Sociol Health Illn, 20: 598618.Google Scholar
Ewles, L. & Simnett, I. (1999) Promoting Health: A Practical Guide. London: Bailliere Tindall.Google Scholar
Fitzpatrick, R. (2008) Society and changing patterns of disease. In: Scambler, G. (ed.) Sociology as Applied to Medicine (6th edn). London: Saunders. pp 317.Google Scholar
Friedson, E (1970) Profession of Medicine. New York: Dodds, Mead and Co.Google Scholar
Herzlich, C (1973) Health and Illness. London; Academic Press.Google Scholar
Krieger, N. (2001) A glossary of social epidemiology. J Epidemiol Community, 55: 693700.Google Scholar
Langford, A. & Johnson, B. (2009) Social inequalities in adult female mortality by the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification, England and Wales, 2001–03. Health Statistics Quarterly, 42.Google Scholar
Link, B. G & Phelan, J. C. (1995). Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 8094.Google Scholar
McKeown, T. (1979) The Role of Medicine: Dream, Mirage or Nemesis? Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
ONS (2015) Statistical Bulletin: Healthy Life Expectancy at Birth and age 65 by Upper Tier Local Authority and Area Deprivation: England, 2012 to 2014. London: Office of National Statistics.Google Scholar
Powles, J. (1973) On the limitations of modern medicine. Sci Med Man 1: 130.Google Scholar
Schulman, S. & Smith, A. M. (1963) The concept of ‘health’ among Spanish-speaking villagers in New Mexico and Colorado. J Health Hum Behav, 4: 226234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sisson, K. (2007) Theoretical explanations for social inequalities in oral health. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 35(2): 8188Google Scholar
United Nations (2006) World Population Prospects: Revision – Table A.17 for 2005–2010.Google Scholar
White, C., Glickman, M., Johnson, B. & Corbin, T. (2007) Social inequalities in adult male mortality by the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification, England and Wales, 2001–03. Health Statistics Quarterly, 36.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. & Pickett, K. (2009). The Spirit Level: Why more equal societies almost always do better. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (1948) Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19–22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (2015). Non-Communicable Diseases Progress Monitor. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar

References

Addis, M. E. & Mahalik, J. R. (2003). Men, masculinity, and the contexts of help seeking. American Psychologist, 58, 514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annandale, E. & Hunt, K. (eds) (2000) Gender Inequalities in Health. Milton Keynes: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Bambra, C., Pope, D., Swami, V., et al. (2009). Gender, health inequalities and welfare state regimes: a cross-national study of 13 European countries. Epidemiology & Community Health, 63,3844.Google Scholar
Bosque-Prous, M., Espelt, A., Borrell, C., et al. (2015). Gender differences in hazardous drinking among middle-aged in Europe: the role of social context and women’s empowerment. European Journal of Public Health, 25, 698705.Google Scholar
Brody, L. R. (2000) The socialization of gender differences in emotional expression: display rules, infant temperament, and differentiation. In Fischer, A.H. (ed.) Gender and Emotion: Social Psychological Perspectives (pp. 2447). New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronstein, P. (2006) The family environment: where gender role socialization begins. In Worell, J. & Goodheart, C.D. (eds) Handbook of Girls’ and Women’s Psychological Health (pp. 262271). New York: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2008). Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. Geneva: WHOGoogle Scholar
Connell, R. W. (1995). Masculinities (2nd edn). Cambridge: Polity.Google Scholar
Courtenay, W. (2000). Constructions of masculinity and their influence on men’s well-being: a theory of gender and health. Social Science & Medicine, 50, 13851401.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, K. W. (1989) Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989, 139167.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, K. W. (1991). Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43, 12411299.Google Scholar
de Visser, R.O & McDonnell, E. J. (2012). ‘That’s OK. He’s a guy’: a mixed-methods study of gender double-standards for alcohol use. Psychology & Health, 27, 618639.Google Scholar
de Visser, R.O & McDonnell, E. J. (2013) Man points: masculine capital and men’s health behaviour. Health Psychology, 32, 514.Google Scholar
de Visser, R. O., Smith, J. A. & McDonnell, E. J. (2009). ‘That’s not masculine’: masculine capital and health-related behaviour. Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 10471058.Google Scholar
Eliasson, I. (2011). Gendered socialisation among girls and boys in children’s football teams in Sweden. Soccer & Society, 12, 820833.Google Scholar
El-Sayed, A. M., Scarborough, P. & Galea, S. (2011). Ethnic inequalities in obesity among children and adults in the UK: a systematic review of the literature. Obesity Reviews, 12(5): e516–534.Google Scholar
Galdas, P. M., Cheater, F. & Marshall, P. (2005). Men and help-seeking behaviour: literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 49, 616623.Google Scholar
Gough, B. & Conner, M. T. (2006) Barriers to healthy eating among men: a qualitative analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 62, 387395.Google Scholar
Gough, B. & Robertson, S. (eds) (2009). Men, Masculinities and Health: Critical Perspectives. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Hing, E. & Albert, M. (2016). State variation in preventive care visits, by patient characteristics, 2012. NCHS data brief, no 234. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.Google Scholar
Hunt, K., Gray, C. M., MacLean, A., et al. (2014). Do weight management programmes delivered at professional football clubs attract and engage high risk men? A mixed-methods study. BMC Public Health, 14, 50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kautzky-Willer, A., Harreiter, J. & Pacini, G. (2016). Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine Reviews, 37, 278316.Google Scholar
Leaper, C. & Friedman, C. K. (2007). The socialization of gender. In Grusec, J. E. & Hastings, P. D. (eds) Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research (pp. 561587). New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Lyons, A. & Willott, S. A. (2008). Alcohol consumption, gender identities and women’s changing social positions. Sex Roles, 59, 694712.Google Scholar
Mahalik, J. R., Good, G. E. & Englar-Carlson, M. (2003). Masculinity scripts, presenting concerns, and help-seeking: implications for practice and training. Professional Psychology, 34, 123131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahalik, J. R., Lagan, H. D. & Morrison, J. A. (2006). Health behaviours and masculinity in Kenyan and US male college students. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 7, 191202.Google Scholar
Mahalik, J. R., Burns, S. M. & Syzdek, M. (2007). Masculinity and perceived normative health behaviours as predictors of men’s health behaviours. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 22012209.Google Scholar
McKay, J., Messner, M. & Sabo, D. (eds) (2000). Masculinities, Gender Relations, and Sport. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2002). Barriers to help seeking in men: a review of sociocultural and clinical literature with particular reference to depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 71, 19.Google Scholar
OECD (2016). OECD Health Statistics 2016. Downloaded 22 September 2016 from: http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=HEALTH_STATGoogle Scholar
Oliffe, J. L., Kelly, M. T., Bottorff, J. L., Johnson, J. L. & Wong, S. T. (2011). ‘He’s more typically female because he’s not afraid to cry’: connecting heterosexual gender relations and men’s depression. Social Science & Medicine, 73, 775782.Google Scholar
Ormsby, J. Stanley, M. & Jaworski, K. (2010). Older men’s participation in community-based men’s sheds programmes. Health & Social Care in the Community, 18, 607613.Google Scholar
Payne, S. (2009) How Can Gender Equity Be Addressed Through Health Systems? Geneva: WHOGoogle Scholar
Schofield, T., Connell, R. W., Walker, L., Wood, J. F. & Butland, D. (2000). Understanding men’s health and illness. Journal of American College Health, 48, 247256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, J. A. & Robertson, S. (2008). Men’s health promotion: a new frontier in Australia and the UK. Health Promotion International, 23, 283289.Google Scholar
Thümmler, K., Britton, A. & Kirch, W. (2009). Data and Information on Women’s Health in the European Union. Brussels: European Commission Directorate-General for Health & Consumers.Google Scholar
Walters, V. (2004). The social context of women’s health. BMC Women’s Health, 4 (Suppl. 1): S2.Google Scholar
Wang, Y. & Beydoun, M. A. (2007). The obesity epidemic in the United States: gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics. A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29, 628.Google Scholar
West, C. & Zimmerman, D. (1987). Doing gender. Gender & Society, 1, 125151.Google Scholar
White, A., de Sousa, B.C, de Visser, R.O, et al. (2011). The State of Men’s Health in Europe. Brussels: European Commission.Google Scholar
WHO (2014a). Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
WHO (2014b). Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Diseases 2014. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
WHO (2015) WHO Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
WHO (n.d.). Gender Disparities in Mental Health. Geneva: WHO. Downloaded 22 September 2016 from: www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/genderwomen/enGoogle Scholar

References

Aneshensel, C. S., Rutter, C. M. & Lachenbruch, P. A. (1991). Social structure, stress, and mental health: competing conceptual and analytic models. American Sociological Review, 56, 166178.Google Scholar
Beagan, B. L. (2003). Teaching social and cultural awareness to medical students: ‘It’s all very nice to talk about it in theory, but ultimately it makes no difference’. Academic Medicine, 78(6), 605614.Google Scholar
Brewer, P. R. (2014). Public opinion about gay rights and gay marriage. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 26(3), 279282.Google Scholar
Buchmueller, T. & Carpenter, C. S. (2010). Disparities in health insurance coverage, access, and outcomes for individuals in same-sex versus different-sex relationships, 2000–2007. American Journal of Public Health, 100(3), 489.Google Scholar
Cass, V. C. (1979). Homosexuality identity formation: a theoretical model. Journal of Homosexuality, 4(3), 219235.Google Scholar
Cohler, B. J. & Hammack, P. L. (2007). The psychological world of the gay teenager: social change, narrative, and ‘normality’. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(1), 4759.Google Scholar
Eliason, M. J., Chinn, P., Dibble, S. L. & DeJoseph, J. (2013). Open the door for LGBTQ patients. Nursing, 43(8), 4450.Google Scholar
Frisell, T., Lichtenstein, P., Rahman, Q. & Långström, N. (2010). Psychiatric morbidity associated with same-sex sexual behaviour: influence of minority stress and familial factors. Psychological Medicine, 40(2), 315324.Google Scholar
Frost, D. M. (2011a). Social stigma and its consequences for the socially stigmatized. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(11), 824839.Google Scholar
Frost, D. M. (2011b). Stigma and intimacy in same-sex relationships: a narrative perspective. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 110.Google Scholar
Frost, D. M. & LeBlanc, A. J. (2014). Nonevent stress contributes to mental health disparities based on sexual orientation: evidence from a personal projects analysis. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(5), 557.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frost, D. M. & Meyer, I. H. (2009). Internalized homophobia and relationship quality among lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 97109. DOI: 10.1037/a0012844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frost, D. M. & Meyer, I. H. (2012). Measuring community connectedness among diverse sexual minority populations. Journal of Sex Research, 48(1), 3649.Google Scholar
Frost, D. M., Lehavot, K. & Meyer, I. H. (2015a). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minority individuals. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 18.Google Scholar
Frost, D. M., Meyer, I. H. & Hammack, P. L. (2015b). Health and well-being in emerging adults’ same-sex relationships: critical questions and directions for research in developmental science. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 313.Google Scholar
Gersten, J. C., Langer, T. S., Eisenberg, J. G. & Orzeck, L. (1974). Child behavior and life events: undesirable change or change per se? In Dohrenwend, B. S. & Dohrenwend, B. P. (eds), Stressful Life Events: Their Nature and Effects (pp. 159170). New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Ghaziani, A. (2011). Post-gay collective identity construction. Social Problems, 58(1), 99125.Google Scholar
Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2014). Structural stigma and the health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(2), 127132.Google Scholar
Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2016). Structural stigma: research evidence and implications for psychological science. American Psychologist, 71(8), 742.Google Scholar
Herek, G. M. (2004). Beyond ‘homophobia’: thinking about sexual prejudice and stigma in the twenty-first century. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 1(2), 624.Google Scholar
Herek, G. M. (2007). Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: theory and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4), 905925.Google Scholar
Hillman, J. & Hinrichsen, G. A. (2014). Promoting an affirming, competent practice with older lesbian and gay adults. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(4), 269.Google Scholar
Institute of Medicine. (2011). The Health of Lesbian, gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine.Google Scholar
King, M., Semlyen, J., Tai, S. S., et al. (2008). A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 70.Google Scholar
Krieger, N., Carney, D., Lancaster, K., et al. (2010). Combining explicit and implicit measures of racial discrimination in health research. American Journal of Public Health, 100(8), 14851492.Google Scholar
Kwon, P. (2013). Resilience in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 17(4), 371383.Google Scholar
Lax, J. R. & Phillips, J. H. (2009). Gay rights in the states: public opinion and policy responsiveness. American Political Science Review, 103(3), 367386.Google Scholar
Lick, D. J., Durso, L. E. & Johnson, K. L. (2013). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(5), 521548.Google Scholar
Major, B. & O’Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 393421CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mayer, K. H., Bradford, J. B., Makadon, H. J., et al. (2008). Sexual minority health: what we know and what needs to be done. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mays, V. M. & Cochran, S. D. (2001). Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 18691876.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H. (2015). Resilience in the study of minority stress and health of sexual and gender minorities. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 209.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H. & Dean, L. (1998). Internalized homophobia, intimacy, and sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men. Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Issues, 4, 160186.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H. & Frost, D. M. (2013). Minority stress and the health of sexual minorities. In Patterson, C. & Daugelli, A. (eds) Handbook of Psychology and Sexual Orientation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 252266.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H., Schwartz, S. & Frost, D. M. (2008). Social patterning of stress and coping: does disadvantaged social statuses confer more stress and fewer coping resources? Social Science & Medicine, 67(3), 368379.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H., Ouellette, S. C., Haile, R. & McFarlane, T. A. (2011). ‘We’d be free’: narratives of life without homophobia, racism, or sexism. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 8(3), 204214.Google Scholar
Neugarten, B. L., Moore, J. W. & Lowe, J. C. (1965). Age norms, age constraints, and adult socialization. American Journal of Sociology, 70, 710717.Google Scholar
Omoto, A. M. & Snyder, M. (2002). Considerations of community: the context and process of volunteerism. American Behavioral Scientist, 45(5), 846867.Google Scholar
Pachankis, J. E. (2007). The psychological implications of concealing a stigma: a cognitive-affective-behavioral model. Psychological Bulletin, 133(2), 328.Google Scholar
Perez-Brumer, A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Oldenburg, C. E. & Bockting, W. (2015). Individual- and structural-level risk factors for suicide attempts among transgender adults. Behavioral Medicine, 41(3), 164171.Google Scholar
Rosario, M., Hunter, J., Maguen, S., Gwadz, M. & Smith, R. (2001). The coming-out process and its adaptational and health-related associations among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths: stipulation and exploration of a model. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29(1), 133160.Google Scholar
Royse, D. & Birge, B. (1987). Homophobia and attitudes towards AIDS patients among medical, nursing, and paramedical students. Psychological Reports, 61(3), 867870.Google Scholar
Russell, S. T. (2005). Beyond risk: resilience in the lives of sexual minority youth. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Issues in Education, 2(3), 518.Google Scholar
Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R. M. & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in white and Latino lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults. Pediatrics, 123(1), 346352.Google Scholar
Sandfort, T. G., de Graaf, R., ten Have, M., Ransome, Y. & Schnabel, P. (2014). Same-sex sexuality and psychiatric disorders in the second Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS-2). LGBT Health, 1(4), 292301.Google Scholar
Savin-Williams, R. C. (2005). The New Gay Teenager. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Swank, E., Fahs, B. & Frost, D. M. (2013). Region, social identities, and disclosure practices as predictors of heterosexist discrimination against sexual minorities in the United States. Sociological Inquiry, 83(2), 238258.Google Scholar
Swim, J. K., Johnston, K. & Pearson, N. B. (2009). Daily experiences with heterosexism: relations between heterosexist hassles and psychological well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 28(5), 597629.Google Scholar
Troiden, D. R. R. (1989). The formation of homosexual identities. Journal of Homosexuality, 17(1–2), 4374.Google Scholar

References

Babu, G. R., Jotheeswaran, A. T., Mahapatra, T., et al. (2014). Is hypertension associated with job strain? A meta-analysis of observational studies. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 71(3), 220227.Google Scholar
Baur, X., Aasen, T. B., Burge, P. S., et al. (2012). The management of work-related asthma guidelines: a broader perspective. European Respiratory Review, 21(124), 125139.Google Scholar
Behroozy, A. & Keegel, T. G. (2014). wet-work exposure: a main risk factor for occupational hand dermatitis. Safety and Health at Work, 5(4), 175180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belin, A., Zamparutti, T., Tull, K., Hernandez, G. & Graveling, R. (2011). Occupational Health and Safety Risks for the Most Vulnerable Workers. Strasbourg: European Parliament.Google Scholar
Benach, J., Muntaner, C., Solar, O., Santana, V., Quinlan, M. & EMCONET (2013). Employment, Work, and Health Inequalities: A Global view. Barcelona: Icaria Editorial.Google Scholar
Benavides, F. G., Benach, J., Muntaner, C., et al. (2006). Associations between temporary employment and occupational injury: what are the mechanisms? Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(6), 416421.Google Scholar
Bergman, A., Heindel, H. J., Jobling, S., Kidd, K. A. & Zoeller, R. T. (eds) (2013). State of the Science of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: 2012. Geneva: WHO and UNEP.Google Scholar
Butterworth, P., Leach, L. S., Strazdins, L., et al. (2011). The psychosocial quality of work determines whether employment has benefits for mental health: results from a longitudinal national household panel survey. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 68(11), 806812.Google Scholar
Commission on Social Determinants of Health (2008). Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. Final Report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Côté, P., van der Velde, G., Cassidy, J. D., et al. (2009). The burden and determinants of neck pain in workers: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 32(2), S70S86.Google Scholar
Davies, R. & Jones, P. (2005). Trends and Context to Rates of Workplace Injury. Sudbury: HSE Books.Google Scholar
Dorling, D. (2009). Unemployment and health. British Medical Journal, 338, b829.Google Scholar
EMCONET (Employment Conditions Knowledge Network) (2007). Employment Conditions and Health Inequalities: Final Report to the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
EU-OSHA (European Agency for Safety and Health at Work) (2013). Priorities for Occupational Safety and Health Research in Europe: 2013–2020. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.Google Scholar
Frade, C., Darmon, I. & Laparra, M. (2004). Precarious Employment in Europe: A Comparative Study of Labour Market Related Risk in Flexible Economies – Final Report ESOPE Project. Pamplona: Universidad Pública de Navarra.Google Scholar
GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (2015). Global, regional, and national age–sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet, 385(9963), 117171.Google Scholar
IHME (2014). GBD 2010, GBD Compare. Available: http://viz.healthmetricsandevaluation.org/gbd-compare (accessed 19 August 2016).Google Scholar
International Labour Office (ILO) (2011). ILO Introductory Report: Global Trends and Challenges on Occupational Safety and Health. Geneva: International Labour Office.Google Scholar
International Labour Office (ILO) (2016). Work Related Stress: A Collective Challenge. Geneva: International Labour Office.Google Scholar
Jaakkola, M. S. & Jaakkola, J. J. K. (2006). Impact of smoke-free workplace legislation on exposures and health: possibilities for prevention. European Respiratory Journal, 28(2), 397408Google Scholar
Kim, M. H., Kim, C. Y., Park, J. K. & Kawachi, I. (2008). Is precarious employment damaging to self-rated health? Results of propensity score matching methods, using longitudinal data in South Korea. Social Science and Medicine, 67(12), 19821994.Google Scholar
Kivimäki, M., Vahtera, J., Virtanen, M., et al. (2003). Temporary employment and risk of overall and cause-specific mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology, 158, 663668.Google Scholar
Kivimäki, M., Jokela, M., Nyberg, S. T., et al. (2015). Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals. Lancet, 386(10005), 17391746.Google Scholar
Leka, S. & Jain, A. (2010). Health impact of Psychosocial Hazards at Work: An Overview. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., et al. (2012). A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 380(9859), 22242260.Google Scholar
Marmot, M. & Wilkinson, R. G., eds (2006). Social Determinants of Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B. & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397422.Google Scholar
Niedhammer, I., Sultan-Taieb, H., Chastang, J. F., Vermeylen, G. & Parent-Thirion, A. (2014). Fractions of cardiovascular diseases and mental disorders attributable to psychosocial work factors in 31 countries in Europe. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 87(4), 403411Google Scholar
Nielsen, M. B. & Einarsen, S. (2012). Outcomes of exposure to workplace bullying: a meta-analytic review. Work & Stress, 26(4), 309332.Google Scholar
Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Corvalán, C., Bos, R. & Neira, M. (2016). Preventing Disease Through Healthy Environments: A Global Assessment of the Burden of Disease from Environmental Risks. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Purdue, M. P., Hutchings, S. J., Rushton, L. & Silverman, D. T. (2015). The proportion of cancer attributable to occupational exposures. Annals of Epidemiology, 25(3), 188192.Google Scholar
Rugulies, R. & Krause, N. (2008). Effort–reward imbalance and incidence of low back and neck injuries in San Francisco transit operators. Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 65(8), 525533.Google Scholar
Siegrist, J. & Rödel, A. (2006). Work stress and health risk behaviour. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 32(6), 473481.Google Scholar
Siegrist, J., Rosskam, E. & Leka, S. (2012). Report of Task Group 2: Employment and Working Conditions Including Occupation, Unemployment and Migrant Workers. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.Google Scholar
Tausig, M. & Fenwick, R. (2011). Work and Mental Health in Social Context. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Toren, K. & Blanc, P. D. (2009). Asthma caused by occupational exposures is common: a systematic analysis of estimates of the population-attributable fraction. BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 9, 7.Google Scholar
Vahtera, J., Kivimäki, M., Pentti, J., et al.(2004). Organisational downsizing, sickness absence, and mortality: 10-town prospective cohort study. British Medical Journal, 328, 555.Google Scholar
Virtanen, M., Nyberg, S. T., Batty, G. D, et al. (2013). Perceived job insecurity as a risk factor for incident coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 347, f4746.Google Scholar
Vyas, M. V., Garg, A. X., Iansavichus, A. V., et al. (2012). Shift work and vascular events: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ, 345, p.e4800.Google Scholar

References

Appleyard, D. (1981). Livable Streets. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Baum, A. & Davis, G. E. (1980). Reducing the stress of high-density living: an architectural intervention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(3), 471481. DOI: 10.1037/0022–3514.38.3.471Google Scholar
Baum, A. & Valins, S. (1977). Architecture and Social Behavior: Psychological Studies of Social Density. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.Google Scholar
Bell, J. F., Wilson, J. S. & Liu, G. C. (2008). Neighborhood greenness and 2-year changes in body mass index of children and youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 35(6), 547553. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.07.006Google Scholar
Bilotta, E., Vaid, U. & Evans, G. W. (in press). Environmental stress. In Steg, L., van den Berg, A. E. & de Groot, J. I. M. (eds), Environmental Psychology: An Introduction (2nd edn). London: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Boase, J., Horrigan, J. B., Wellman, B. & Rainie, L. (2006). The Strength of Internet ties. Retrieved from: www.pewinternet.org/files/old-media//Files/Reports/2006/PIP_Internet_ties.pdf.pdf (accessed 26 January 2016).Google Scholar
Boyd, D. (2014). It’s Complicated: the Social Lives of Networked Teens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Chiesura, A. (2004). The role of urban parks for the sustainable city. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129138. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.08.003Google Scholar
Choi, M. & Toma, C. L. (2014). Social sharing through interpersonal media: patterns and effects on emotional well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 530541. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.026Google Scholar
Cohen, S. (2004). Social relationships and health. The American Psychologist, 59(8), 676684. DOI: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.676Google Scholar
Cohen, S. & Spacapan, S. (1984). The social psychology of noise. In Jones, D. M. & Chapman, A. J. (eds), Noise and Society (pp. 221245). New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Dadvand, P., de Nazelle, A., Figueras, F., et al. (2012). Green space, health inequality and pregnancy. Environment International, 40, 110115. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.07.004Google Scholar
de Vries, S., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P. & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2003). Natural environments – healthy environments? An exploratory analysis of the relationship between greenspace and health. Environment and Planning A, 35(10), 17171731. DOI: 10.1068/a35111Google Scholar
de Vries, S., van Dillen, S. M. E., Groenewegen, P. P. & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2013). Streetscape greenery and health: stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science & Medicine, 94, 2633. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.030Google Scholar
Demerath, L. & Levinger, D. (2003). The social qualities of being on foot: a theoretical analysis of pedestrian activity, community, and culture. City & Community, 2(3), 217237. DOI: 10.1111/1540–6040.00052Google Scholar
Donovan, G. H., Michael, Y. L., Butry, D. T., Sullivan, A. D. & Chase, J. M. (2011). Urban trees and the risk of poor birth outcomes. Health & Place, 17(1), 390393. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.11.004Google Scholar
Evans, G. W. (2001). Environmental stress and health. In Baum, A., Revenson, T. & Singer, J. E. (eds), Handbook of Health Psychology (1st edn, pp. 365385). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Evans, G. W. (2006). Child development and the physical environment. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 423451. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190057Google Scholar
Evans, G. W. & Saegert, S. (2000). Residential crowding in the context of inner city poverty. In Wapner, S., Demick, J., Yamamoto, C. T. & Minami, H. (eds), Theoretical Perspectives in Environment–Behavior Research (pp. 247267). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Evans, G. W., Lepore, S. J., Shejwal, B. R. & Palsane, M. N. (1998). Chronic residential crowding and children’s well‐being: an ecological perspective. Child Development, 69(6), 15141523.Google ScholarPubMed
Evans, G. W., Saegert, S. & Harris, R. (2001). Residential density and psychological health among children in low-income families. Environment and Behavior, 33(2), 165180. DOI: 10.1177/00139160121972936Google Scholar
Evans, G. W., Lercher, P. & Kofler, W. W. (2002). Crowding and children’s mental health: the role of house type. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22, 221231. DOI: 10.1006/jevp.256Google Scholar
Evans, G. W., Li, D. & Whipple, S. S. (2013). Cumulative risk and child development. Psychological Bulletin, 139(6), 13421396. DOI: 10.1037/a0031808Google Scholar
Ferguson, K. T., Kim, P., Dunn, J. R. & Evans, G. W. (2009). An ecological model of urban child health. In Freudenberg, N., Klitzman, S. & Saegert, S. (eds), Urban Health and Society: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Research and Practice (pp. 6391). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Forrest, R. & Kearns, A. (2001). Social cohesion, social capital and the neighbourhood. Urban Studies, 38(12), 21252143. DOI: 10.1080/00420980120087081Google Scholar
Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, A. & Öhrström, E. (2007). Noise and well-being in urban residential environments: the potential role of perceived availability to nearby green areas. Landscape and Urban Planning, 83(2–3), 115126. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.03.003Google Scholar
Giles-Corti, B. & Donovan, R. J. (2003). Relative influences of individual, social environmental, and physical environmental correlates of walking. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 15831589.Google Scholar
Grahn, P. & Stigsdotter, U. K. (2010). The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94(3–4), 264275. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.10.012Google Scholar
Hampton, K. N. (2007). Neighborhoods in the network society: the e-Neighbors study. Information, Communication & Society, 10(5), 714748. DOI: 10.1080/13691180701658061Google Scholar
Hampton, K. N., Sessions, L. F. & Her, E. J. (2011). Core networks, social isolation, and new media. Information, Communication & Society, 14(1), 130155. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2010.513417Google Scholar
Hartig, T., Mitchell, R., De Vries, S. & Frumkin, H. (2014). Nature and health. Annual Review of Public Health, 35, 207228. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-032013-182443Google Scholar
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T. & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Science, 10(2), 227237. DOI: 10.1177/1745691614568352Google Scholar
Hystad, P., Davies, H. W., Frank, L., et al. (2014). Residential greenness and birth outcomes: evaluating the influence of spatially correlated built-environment factors. Environmental Health Perspectives, 122(10), 10951102. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1308049Google Scholar
Jones-Rounds, M. L., Evans, G. W. & Braubach, M. (2014). The interactive effects of housing and neighbourhood quality on psychological well-being. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 68, 171175. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-202431Google Scholar
Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S. R. & Ryan, R. (1998). With People in mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Washington, DC: Island Press.Google Scholar
Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15(3), 169182. DOI: 10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2Google Scholar
Katz, V. S. & Hampton, K. N. (2016). Communication in city and community: from the Chicago School to digital technology. American Behavioral Scientist, 60(1), 37. DOI: 10.1177/0002764215601708Google Scholar
Kaźmierczak, A. (2013). The contribution of local parks to neighbourhood social ties. Landscape and Urban Planning, 109(1), 3144. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.05.007Google Scholar
Kearns, A., Whitley, E., Mason, P. & Bond, L. (2012). ‘Living the high life’? Residential, social and psychosocial outcomes for high-rise occupants in a deprived context. Housing Studies, 27(1), 97126. DOI: 10.1080/02673037.2012.632080Google Scholar
Lin, N. (1999). Building a network theory of social capital. Connections, 22(1), 2851.Google Scholar
Lorenc, T., Petticrew, M., Welch, V. & Tugwell, P. (2013). What types of interventions generate inequalities? Evidence from systematic reviews. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 67(2), 190193. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2012-201257Google Scholar
Maas, J., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P., de Vries, S. & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2006). Green space, urbanity, and health: how strong is the relation? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60(7), 587592. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2005.043125Google Scholar
Maas, J., Spreeuwenberg, P., van Winsum-Westra, M., et al. (2009a). Is green space in the living environment associated with people’s feelings of social safety? Environment and Planning A, 41(7), 17631777. DOI: 10.1068/a4196Google Scholar
Maas, J., van Dillen, S. M. E., Verheij, R. A. & Groenewegen, P. P. (2009b). Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health. Health & Place, 15(2), 586595. DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.09.006Google Scholar
Marsden, P. V. & Srivastava, S. B. (2012). Trends in informal social participation, 1974–2008. In Marsden, P. V. (ed.), Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey Since 1972 (pp. 240263). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
McEachan, R. R. C., Prady, S. L., Smith, G., et al. (2015). The association between green space and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: moderating roles of socioeconomic status and physical activity. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-205954Google Scholar
McPherson, M., Smith-Lovin, L. & Brashears, M. E. (2006). Social isolation in America: changes in core discussion networks over two decades. American Sociological Review, 71(3), 353375. DOI: 10.1177/000312240607100301Google Scholar
Milgram, S. (1970). The experience of living in cities. Science, 167(3924), 14611468.Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. & Popham, F. (2007). Greenspace, urbanity and health: relationships in England. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 61(8), 681683. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2006.053553Google Scholar
Mitchell, R. & Popham, F. (2008). Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. Lancet, 372(9650), 16551660. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61689-XGoogle Scholar
Park, G. & Evans, G. W. (2016). Environmental stressors, urban design and planning: implications for human behaviour and health. Journal of Urban Design, 21(4), 453470. DOI: 10.1080/13574809.2016.1194189Google Scholar
Portes, A. (2000). The two meanings of social capital. Sociological Forum, 15(1), 112. DOI: 10.1023/A:1007537902813Google Scholar
Raimbault, M. & Dubois, D. (2005). Urban soundscapes: experiences and knowledge. Cities, 22(5), 339350. DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2005.05.003Google Scholar
Richardson, E. A. & Mitchell, R. (2010). Gender differences in relationships between urban green space and health in the United Kingdom. Social Science & Medicine, 71(3), 568575. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.015Google Scholar
Stokols, D. (1978). A typology of crowding experiences. In Baum, A. & Epstein, Y. M. (eds), Human Response to Crowding (pp. 219255). New York: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Sugiyama, T., Leslie, E., Giles-Corti, B. & Owen, N. (2008). Associations of neighbourhood greenness with physical and mental health: do walking, social coherence and local social interaction explain the relationships? Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 62(e9), 16. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2007.064287Google Scholar
United Nations. (2014, 10 July). World’s population increasingly urban with more than half living in urban areas. Retrieved from www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/world-urbanization-prospects-2014.html (accessed 8 February 2015).Google Scholar
van den Berg, A. E., Maas, J., Verheij, R. A. & Groenewegen, P. P. (2010). Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health. Social Science & Medicine, 70(8), 12031210. DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.002Google Scholar
van Dillen, S. M. E., de Vries, S., Groenewegen, P. P. & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2012). Greenspace in urban neighbourhoods and residents’ health: adding quality to quantity. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 66(6), e8. DOI: 10.1136/jech.2009.104695Google Scholar
Wachs, T. D. (1989). The nature of the physical microenvironment: an expanded classification system. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 35(4), 399419.Google Scholar
Wells, N. M. (2000). At home with nature: effects of ‘greenness’ on children’s cognitive functioning. Environment and Behavior, 32(6), 775795.Google Scholar
Wells, N. M. & Evans, G. W. (2003). Nearby nature: a buffer of life stress among rural children. Environment and Behavior, 35(3), 311330. DOI: 10.1177/0013916503035003001Google Scholar
Wells, N. M. & Harris, J. D. (2007). Housing quality, psychological distress, and the mediating role of social withdrawal: a longitudinal study of low-income women. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 6978. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.11.002Google Scholar

References

Abraído-Lanza, A. F., Echeverría, S. E. & Flórez, K. (2016). Latino immigrants, acculturation, and health: promising new directions in research. Annual Review of Public Health, 37, 219236.Google Scholar
Acevedo-Garcia, D., Sanchez-Vaznaugh, E. V., Viruell-Fuentes, E. A. & Almeida, J. (2012). Integrating social epidemiology into immigrant health research: a cross-national framework. Social Science & Medicine, 75 (12), 20602068.Google Scholar
Alegría, M. (2009). The challenge of acculturation measures: what are we missing? A commentary on Thomson & Hoffman-Goetz. Social Science & Medicine, 69, 996998.Google Scholar
Allen, B., Cisneros, E. M. & Tellez, A. (2015). The children left behind: the impact of parental deportation on mental health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(2), 386392.Google Scholar
Capps, R., Fix, M. & Zong, J. (2016). A profile of U.S. children with unauthorized immigrant parents. Fact sheet (pp. 1–25). Washington, DC: Migration Policy Institute. Available at: www.migrationpolicy.org/research/profile-us-children-unauthorized-immigrant-parents (last accessed: 22 April 2017).Google Scholar
Castañeda, H., Holmes, S. M., Madrigal, D. S., et al. (2015). Immigration as a social determinant of health. Annual Review of Public Health, 36(1), 375392.Google Scholar
Dominguez, K., Chang, M.-H., Moonesinghe, R., et al. (2015). Vital signs: leading causes of death, prevalence of diseases and risk factors, and use of health services among Hispanics in the United States – 2009–2013. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(17), 469478.Google Scholar
Fratzke, S. (2015). Displacement reaches record high as wars continue and new conflicts emerge. Migration Information Source. Available at: www.migrationpolicy.org/article/top-10–2015-%E2%80%93-issue-2-displacement-reaches-record-high-wars-continue-and-new-conflicts (last accessed 2 April 2017).Google Scholar
FRONTEX (2016). Profiting from misery: how smugglers bring people to Europe. European Border and Coast Guard Agency. Available at: http://frontex.europa.eu/feature-stories/profiting-from-misery-how-smugglers-bring-people-to-europe-tQtYUH (last accessed 5 May 2017).Google Scholar
Graefe, D. R., Hasanali, S. H., DeJong, G. F. & Galvan, C. (2015). CHIP-ing away at health disparities: has state-provided health insurance reduced race and nativity-based differences in health care utilization among US children? Canadian Public Policy, 41 (Suppl. 2): S70S79.Google Scholar
Granados, G., Puvvula, J., Berman, N. & Dowling, P. T. (2001). Health care for Latino children: impact of child and parental birthplace on insurance status and access to health services. American Journal of Public Health, 91(11), 18061807.Google Scholar
Hardy, L. J., Getrich, C. M., Quezada, J. C., et al. (2012). A call for further research on the impact of state-level immigration policies on public health. American Journal of Public Health, 102(7), 12501253.Google Scholar
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Prins, S. & Flake, M., et al. (2017). Immigration policies and mental health morbidity among Latinos: a state-level analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 174, 169178.Google Scholar
Holmes, S. M. (2013). ‘Is it worth risking your life?’: Ethnography, risk and death on the U.S.–Mexico border. Social Science & Medicine, 99, 153161.Google Scholar
Huang, Z. J., Yu, S. M. & Ledsky, R. (2006). Health status and health service access and use among children in U.S. immigrant families. American Journal of Public Health, 96(4), 634640.Google Scholar
Joyce, T., Bauer, T., Minkoff, H. & Kaestner, R. (2001). Welfare Reform and the perinatal health and health care use of Latino women in California, New York City, and Texas. American Journal of Public Health, 91 (11): 18571864.Google Scholar
Kasper, J., Gupta, S. K., Tran, P., Cook, J. T. & Meyers, A. F. (2000). Hunger in legal immigrants in California, Texas, and Illinois. American Journal of Public Health, 90 (10), 16291633.Google Scholar
Katsiaficas, C. (2016). Asylum seeker and migrant flows in the Mediterranean adapt rapidly to changing conditions. Migration Information Source. Available at: www.migrationpolicy.org/article/asylum-seeker-and-migrant-flows-mediterranean-adapt-changing-conditions (last accessed 5 May 2017).Google Scholar
Lillie-Blanton, M. & Hudman, J. (2001). Untangling the web: race/ethnicity, immigration, and the nation’s health. American Journal of Public Health, 91(11), 17361738.Google Scholar
Motel, S. & Patten, E. (2012). The 10 largest Hispanic origin groups: characteristics, rankings, top counties. Hispanic Trends. Retrieved from www.pewhispanic.org/2012/06/27/the-10-largest-hispanic-origin-groups-characteristics-rankings-top-counties (last accessed 31 March 2017).Google Scholar
Novak, N. L., Geronimus, A. T. & Martinez-Cardoso, A. M. (2017). Change in birth outcomes among infants born to Latina mothers after a major immigration raid. International Journal of Epidemiology. 22 January. [Epub ahead of print].Google Scholar
Ornelas, I. & Perreira, K. M. (2011). The role of migration in the development of depressive symptoms among Latino immigrant parents in the USA. Social Science & Medicine, 73, 11691177.Google Scholar
Ortega, A., Rodriguez, H. P. & Bustamante, A. V. (2015). Policy dilemmas in Latino health care and implementation of the Affordable Care Act. Annual Review of Public Health, 36, 525544.Google Scholar
Perez-Escamilla, R., Garcia, J. & Song, D. (2010). Health care access among Hispanic immigrants: Alguien esta escuchando? [Is Anybody Listening?]. NAPA Bulletin, 34(1):4767.Google Scholar
Perez Foster, R. (2001). When immigration is trauma: guidelines for the individual and family clinician. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 71, 153170.Google Scholar
Pollack, H. A. & Reuter, P. (2006). Welfare receipt and substance-abuse treatment among low-income mothers: the impact of welfare reform. American Journal of Public Health, 96(11), 20242031.Google Scholar
Reese, E., Ramirez, E. & Estrada-Correa, V. (2013). The politics of welfare inclusion: explaining state variation in legal immigrants’ welfare rights. Sociological Perspectives, 56(1), 97130.Google Scholar
Rhodes, S. D., Mann, L., Siman, FM., et al. (2015). The impact of local immigration enforcement policies on the health of immigrant Hispanics/Latinos in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 105(2), 329337.Google Scholar
Royer, H. (2005). The response to a loss in medicaid eligibility: pregnant immigrant mothers in the wake of welfare reform. Working Paper. Santa Barbara: UCSB. Available at: http://econ.ucsb.edu/~royer/prwora.pdf (last accessed: 30 March 2017).Google Scholar
Rusin, S., Zong, J., & Batalova, J. (2015). Cuban immigrants in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. Available at: www.migrationpolicy.org/article/cuban-immigrants-united-states (last accessed 31 March 2017).Google Scholar
Sabo, S., Shaw, S., Ingram, M., et al. (2014). Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US–Mexico border. Social Science & Medicine, 109, 6674.Google Scholar
Salas, L. M., Ayón, C. & Gurrola, M. (2013). Estamos traumados: the effect of anti-immigrant sentiment and policies on the mental health of Mexican immigrant families. Journal of Community Psycholology, 41(8), 10051020Google Scholar
Seils, D. M., Castel, L. D., Curtis, L. H. & Weinfurt, K. P. (2002). Welfare reform and Latinas’ use of perinatal health care. American Journal of Public Health, 92 (5), 699.Google Scholar
Smith, L., Romero, D., Wood, P. R., et al. (2002). Employment barriers among welfare recipients and applicants with chronically ill children. American Journal of Public Health, 92(9), 14531457.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau (2011). The Hispanic Population 2010: 2010 Census Briefs. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration. Available at: www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf (last accessed 2 April 2017).Google Scholar
US Code of Laws (2017) Chapter 8. Aliens and Nationality; Chapter 14. Restricting Welfare and Public Benefits for Aliens. Available at: http://uscode.house.gov/browse/prelim@title8/chapter14/subchapter2&edition=prelim (last accessed 27 March 2017).Google Scholar
US Department of Homeland Security (2016). United States Border Patrol Southwest Family Unit Subject and Unaccompanied Alien Children Apprehensions Fiscal Year 2016. Statement by Secretary Johnson on Southwest Border Security. Available at: www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-border-unaccompanied-children/fy-2016 (last accessed 2 April 2017)Google Scholar
Viruell-Fuentes, E. A., Miranda, P. Y. & Abdulrahim, S. (2012). More than culture: structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health. Social Science & Medicine 74 (12), 20992106.Google Scholar
Zong, J. B., Batalova, J. (2014). Mexican immigrants in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. Available at: www.migrationpolicy.org/article/mexican-immigrants-united-states (last accessed 31 March 2017)Google Scholar
Zong, J. & Batalova, J. (2017). Frequently requested statistics on immigrants and immigration in the United States. Migration Policy Institute. Available at: www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states (last accessed: 31 March 2017).Google Scholar

References

Adler, N. E., Boyce, W. T., Chesney, M. A., Folkman, S. & Syme, S. L. (1993). Socioeconomic Inequalities in health: no easy solution. JAMA, 269, 31403145.Google Scholar
Avendano, M., Kawachi, I., Van, L. F., Boshuizen, H. C. & Mackenbach, J. P. (2006). Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence in the US elderly: the role of risk factors in the EPESE study. Stroke, 37, 13681373.Google Scholar
Bader, M. D., Purciel, M., Yousefzadeh, P. & Neckerman, K. M. (2010). Disparities in neighborhood food environments: implications of measurement strategies. Economic Geography, 86, 409430.Google Scholar
Bartley, M. & Plewis, I. (1997). Does health-selective mobility account for socioeconomic differences in health? Evidence from England and Wales, 1971 to 1991. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 38, 376386.Google Scholar
Bickel, W. K., Jarmolowicz, D. P., Mueller, E. T., Gatchalian, K. M. & McClure, S. M. (2012). Are executive function and impulsivity antipodes? A conceptual reconstruction with special reference to addiction. Psychopharmacology, 18, 546552.Google Scholar
Bickel, W. K., Moody, L., Quisenberry, A. J., Ramey, C. T. & Sheffer, C. E. (2015). A competing neurobehavioral decision systems model of SES-related health and behavioral disparities. Preventive Medicine 68, 3743.Google Scholar
Bobak, M. & Marmot, M. (1996). East–West mortality divide and its potential explanations: proposed research agenda. BMJ, 312, 421425.Google Scholar
Booth-Kewley, S. & Friedman, H. S. (1987). Psychological predictors of heart-disease: a quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 343362.Google Scholar
Bosma, H., Marmot, M. G., Hemingway, H., et al. (1997). Low job control and risk of coronary heart disease in Whitehall II (prospective cohort) study. BMJ, 314, 558.Google Scholar
Calixto, O.-J. & Anaya, J.-M. (2014). Socioeconomic status: the relationship with health and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13, 641654.Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System: Comparability of Data.Google Scholar
Chadwick, E. (2000). Report of the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (1842). London: Routledge/Thoemmes.Google Scholar
Chen, E. & Miller, G. E. (2013). Socioeconomic status and health: mediating and moderating factors. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 723749.Google Scholar
Cohen, D. A., Farley, T. A. & Mason, K. (2003). Why is poverty unhealthy? Social and physical mediators. Social Science & Medicine, 57, 16311641.Google Scholar
Conroy, K., Sandel, M. & Zuckerman, B. (2010). Poverty grown up: how childhood socioeconomic status impacts adult health. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 37, 154160.Google Scholar
Corna, L. M. (2013). A life course perspective on socioeconomic inequalities in health: a critical review of conceptual frameworks. Advances in Life Course Research, 18, 150159.Google Scholar
Curry, S. J., Wagner, E. H., Cheadle, A., et al. (1993). Assessment of community-level influences on individuals attitudes about cigarette-smoking, alcohol-use, and consumption of dietary-fat. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9, 7884.Google Scholar
Davey-Smith, G., Neaton, J. D., Wentworth, D., Stamler, R. & Stamler, J. (1996). Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: I. White men. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 486496.Google Scholar
Davey-Smith, G., Wentworth, D., Neaton, J. D., Stamler, R. & Stamler, J. (1996). Socioeconomic differentials in mortality risk among men screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: II. Black men. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 497504.Google Scholar
Dohrenwend, B. P. & Schwartz, S. (1995). Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 8, 138141.Google Scholar
El-Sayed, A. M., Scarborough, P. & Galea, S. (2012). Unevenly distributed: a systematic review of the health literature about socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity in the United Kingdom. BMC Public Health, 12, 1830.Google Scholar
Evans, G. W. & Kim, P. (2007). Childhood poverty and health: cumulative risk exposure and stress dysregulation. Psychology Science, 18, 953957.Google Scholar
Field, K. S. & Briggs, D. J. (2001). Socio-economic and locational determinants of accessibility and utilization of primary health-care. Health & Social Care in the Community, 9, 294308.Google Scholar
Goldman, D. P. & Smith, J. P. (2002). Can patient self-management help explain the SES health gradient? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99, 1092910934.Google Scholar
Goldman, N. (2001). Social inequalities in health disentangling the underlying mechanisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 954, 118139.Google Scholar
Jarvis, M. J. & Wardle, J. (2005). Social patterning of individual health behaviours: the case of cigarette smoking. In Marmot, M. & Wilkinson, R. G. (eds), Social Determinants of Health (2nd edn). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285308.Google Scholar
Kondo, N. (2012). Socioeconomic disparities and health: impacts and pathways. J Epidemiol, 22, 26.Google Scholar
Krieger, N. & Sidney, S. (1996). Racial discrimination and blood pressure: the CARDIA study of young black and white adults. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 13701378.Google Scholar
Kuh, D., Ben-Schlomo, Y., Lynch, J., Hallqvist, J. & Power, C. (2003). Life course epidemiology. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 57, 778783.Google Scholar
Lantz, P. M., House, J. S., Lepkowski, J. M., et al.(1998). Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and mortality: results from a nationally representative prospective study of US adults. JAMA, 279, 17031708.Google Scholar
Liberatos, P., Link, B. G. & Kelsey, J. L. (1988). The measurement of social class in epidemiology. Epidemiologic Reviews, 10, 87121.Google Scholar
Link, B. G. & Phelan, J. (1995). Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 8094.Google Scholar
Mackenbach, J. P. (2005). Genetics and health inequalities: hypotheses and controversies. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 59, 268273.Google Scholar
Maher, J. & Macfarlane, A. (2004). Inequalities in infant mortality: trends by social class, registration status, mother’s age and birthweight, England and Wales, 1976–2000. Health Statistics Quarterly, Winter, 14–22.Google Scholar
Marmot, M. G., Rose, G., Shipley, M. & Hamilton, P. J. (1978). Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 32, 244249.Google Scholar
Marmot, M. G., Shipley, M. J. & Rose, G. (1984). Inequalities in death: specific explanations of a general pattern? Lancet, 1, 10031006.Google Scholar
Marmot, M. G., Davey Smith, G. D., Stansfeld, S., et al. (1991). Health inequalities among British civil-servants: the Whitehall-II study. Lancet, 337, 13871393.Google Scholar
Matthews, K. A. & Gallo, L. C. (2011). Psychological perspectives on pathways linking socioeconomic status and physical health. Annual Review of Psychology, 62, 501530.Google Scholar
Matthews, K. A., Gallo, L. C. & Taylor, S. E. (2010). Are psychosocial factors mediators of socioeconomic status and health connections? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186, 146173.Google Scholar
McEwen, B. S. & Seeman, T. (1999). Protective and damaging effects of mediators of stress: elaborating and testing the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 3047.Google Scholar
McLaren, L. (2007). Socioeconomic status and obesity. Epidemiology Reviews, 29, 2948.Google Scholar
North, F., Syme, S. L., Feeney, A., et al. (1993). Explaining socioeconomic differences in sickness absence: the Whitehall-II study. BMJ, 306, 361366.Google Scholar
Sacks, D. W., Stevenson, B. & Wolfers, J. (2012). The new stylized facts about income and subjective well-being. Emotion, 12, 11811187.Google Scholar
Stansfeld, S. A., Head, J. & Marmot, M. G. (1998). Explaining social class differences in depression and well-being. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 19.Google Scholar
Takano, T. & Nakamura, K. (2001). An analysis of health levels and various indicators of urban environments for Healthy Cities projects. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 55, 263270.Google Scholar
Thoits, P. A. (1995). Stress, coping, and social support processes: where are we – what next. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, 5379.Google Scholar
Turner, R. J., Wheaton, B. & Lloyd, D. A. (1995). The epidemiology of social stress. American Sociological Review, 60, 104125.Google Scholar
Uphoff, E. P., Pickett, K. E., Cabieses, B., Small, N. & Wright, J. (2013). A systematic review of the relationships between social capital and socioeconomic inequalities in health: a contribution to understanding the psychosocial pathway of health inequalities. International Journal for Equity in Health, 12, 5466.Google Scholar
Valtorta, N. K. & Hanratty, B. (2013). Socioeconomic variation in the financial consequences of ill health for older people with chronic diseases: a systematic review. Maturitas, 74, 313333.Google Scholar
van de Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Schrijvers, C. T. & Mackenbach, J. P. (1999). The influence of adult ill health on occupational class mobility and mobility out of and into employment in the Netherlands. Social Science & Medicine, 49, 509518.Google Scholar
Villermé, R. L. (1840). Tableau de l’etat physique et moral des ouvriers employés dans les manufactures de coton, de laine et de soie (Vol. 2). Paris: Renouard.Google Scholar
Virchow, R. (1985). Report on the typhus epidemic in Upper Silesia (1848). In Rather, L.J. (ed.), Collected Essays on Public Health and Epidemiology (pp. 205319). Madison, WI: Watson Publishing International.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, R. G. (1999). Health, hierarchy, and social anxiety. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 4863.Google Scholar
Willems, S., De Maesschalck, S., Deveugele, M., Derese, A. & De Maeseneer, J. (2005). Socio-economic status of the patient and doctor–patient communication: does it make a difference? Patient Education and Counseling, 56, 139146.Google Scholar

References

Adams, R. J., Howard, N., Tucker, G., et al. (2009). Effects of area deprivation on health risks and outcomes: a multilevel, cross-sectional, Australian population study. International Journal of Public Health, 54(3), 183192.Google Scholar
Agabio, R., Pani, P. P., Preti, A., Gessa, G. L. & Franconi, F. (2015). Efficacy of medications approved for the treatment of alcohol dependence and alcohol withdrawal syndrome in female patients: a descriptive review. European Addiction Research, 22(1), 116.Google Scholar
Amato, L., Minozzi, S., Vecchi, S., Davoli, M. & Perucci, C. A. (2005). An Overview of Cochrane Systematic Reviews of Pharmacological and Psychosocial Treatment of Opioid Dependence. Consultation on Technical Guidelines for Treatment of Opioid Dependence. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar
Babor, T. (2010a). Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity – Research and Public Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Babor, T. (2010b). Drug Policy and the Public Good. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Badiani, A. & Spagnolo, P. A. (2013). Role of environmental factors in cocaine addiction. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19(40), 69967008.Google Scholar
Brunborg, G. S., Hanss, D., Mentzoni, R. A., Molde, H. & Pallesen, S. (2016). Problem gambling and the five‐factor model of personality: a large population‐based study. Addiction, 111(8), 14281435. DOI: 10.1111/add.13388.Google Scholar
Cacciola, J. S., Alterman, A. I., O’Brien, C. P. & McLellan, A. T. (1997). The Addiction Severity Index in clinical efficacy trials of medications for cocaine dependence. NIDA Research Monographs, 175, 182191.Google Scholar
Cahill, K., Stevens, S., Perera, R. & Lancaster, T. (2013). Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta‐analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, CD009329. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009329.pub2.Google Scholar
Calado, F. & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Problem gambling worldwide: an update and systematic review of empirical research (2000–2015). Journal of Behavior and Addiction, 5(4), 592613. DOI: 10.1556/2006.5.2016.073.Google Scholar
Casetta, B., Videla, A. J., Bardach, A., et al. (2016). Association between cigarette smoking prevalence and income level: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, ntw266.Google Scholar
Collins, S. E. (2016). Associations between socioeconomic factors and alcohol outcomes. Alcohol Research, 38(1), 8394.Google Scholar
Connock, M., Juarez-Garcia, A., Jowett, S., et al. (2007). Methadone and buprenorphine for the management of opioid dependence: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health and Technology Assessment, 11(9), 1171, iii–iv.Google Scholar
Cowlishaw, S., Merkouris, S., Dowling, N., et al. (2012). Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, CD008937. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008937.pub2.Google Scholar
Cox, W. (1987). Personality theory and research. In Blane, H. and Leonard, K. (eds). Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism (pp. 5589). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Degenhardt, L., Whiteford, H. A., Ferrari, A. J., et al. (2013). Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet, 382(9904), 15641574.Google Scholar
Diep, P. B., Schelleman-Offermans, K., Kuntsche, E., De Vries, N. & Knibbe, R. A. (2016). Direct and indirect effects of alcohol expectancies through drinking motives on alcohol outcomes among students in Vietnam. Addiction and Behavior, 52, 115122. DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.09.009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DiFranza, J. R., Rigotti, N. A., McNeill, A. D., et al. (2000). Initial symptoms of nicotine dependence in adolescents. Tobacco Control, 9(3), 313319.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ferrari, J. R., Stevens, E. B. & Jason, L. A. (2009). The relationship of self-control and abstinence maintenance: an exploratory analysis of self-regulation. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 4(1/2), 3241. DOI: 10.1080/15560350802712371.Google Scholar
Gainsbury, S. M., Blankers, M., Wilkinson, C., Schelleman-Offermans, K. & Cousijn, J. (2014). Recommendations for international gambling harm-minimisation guidelines: comparison with effective public health policy. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(4), 771788. DOI: 10.1007/s10899-013-9389-2.Google Scholar
GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. (2016). Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 388, 16591724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gowing, L. R., Ali, R. L., Allsop, S., et al.(2015). Global statistics on addictive behaviours: 2014 status report. Addiction, 110(6), 904919.Google Scholar
Granero, R., Penelo, E., Stinchfield, R., et al. (2014). Is pathological gambling moderated by age? Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(2), 475492.Google ScholarPubMed
Grant, J. E. & Kim, S. W. (2006). Medication management of pathological gambling. Minnesota Medicine, 89(9), 44.Google Scholar
Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L. & Schreiber, L. (2014). Pharmacological treatments in pathological gambling. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 77(2), 375381.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C. & Fagerstrom, K. O. (1991). The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86(9), 11191127.Google Scholar
Hopwood, C. J., Morey, L. C., Skodol, A. E., et al. (2007). Five-factor model personality traits associated with alcohol-related diagnoses in a clinical sample. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 68(3), 455460.Google Scholar
Jones, L., Bates, G., McCoy, E. & Bellis, M. A. (2015). Relationship between alcohol-attributable disease and socioeconomic status, and the role of alcohol consumption in this relationship: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 400. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1720-7.Google Scholar
Kalant, H. (2010). What neurobiology cannot tell us about addiction. Addiction, 105(5), 780789. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02739.x.Google Scholar
Kelly-Weeder, S., Phillips, K. & Rounseville, S. (2011). Effectiveness of public health programs for decreasing alcohol consumption. Patient Intelligence, 2011(3), 2938.Google Scholar
Kotz, D. & West, R. (2009). Explaining the social gradient in smoking cessation: it’s not in the trying, but in the succeeding. Tobacco Control, 18(1), 4346.Google Scholar
Lantz, P. M., Jacobson, P. D., Warner, K. E., et al. (2000). Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies. Tobacco Control, 9(1), 4763.Google Scholar
MacLaren, V. V., Fugelsang, J. A., Harrigan, K. A. & Dixon, M. J. (2011). The personality of pathological gamblers: a meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Reviews, 31(6), 10571067.Google Scholar
Martineau, F., Tyner, E., Lorenc, T., Petticrew, M. & Lock, K. (2013). Population-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: an overview of systematic reviews. Preventive Medcine, 57(4), 278296.Google Scholar
Mattick, R. P., Breen, C., Kimber, J. & Davoli, M. (2014). Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, CD002207. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002207.pub4.Google Scholar
Nielsen, S., Larance, B., Degenhardt, L., et al.(2016). Opioid agonist treatment for pharmaceutical opioid dependent people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, CD011117. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011117.pub2.Google Scholar
Perry, J. L. & Carroll, M. E. (2008). The role of impulsive behavior in drug abuse. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 200(1), 126. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1173-0.Google Scholar
Project Match Research Group. (1997). Project MATCH secondary a priori hypotheses. Addiction, 92, 16711698.Google Scholar
Ruiz, M. A., Pincus, A. L. & Dickinson, K. A. (2003). NEO PI-R predictors of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems. Journal of Personal Assessment, 81(3), 226236.Google Scholar
Seo, D. & Sinha, R. (2014). The neurobiology of alcohol craving and relapse. Handbooks in Clinical Neurology, 125, 355368. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00021-5.Google Scholar
Sher, K. J., Trull, T. J., Bartholow, B. D. & Vieth, A. (1999). Personality and alcoholism: issues, methods, and etiological processes. In: Blane, H. & Leonard, K. (eds) Psychological Theories of Dinking and Acoholism (pp. 55–105) (2nd edn). New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Smit, E. S., Fidler, J. A. & West, R. (2011). The role of desire, duty and intention in predicting attempts to quit smoking. Addiction, 106(4), 844851. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03317.x.Google Scholar
Strang, J., Babor, T., Caulkins, J., et al. (2012). Drug policy and the public good: evidence for effective interventions. Lancet, 379(9810), 7183.Google Scholar
Terracciano, A. & Costa, P. T. (2004). Smoking and the Five‐Factor Model of personality. Addiction, 99(4), 472481.Google Scholar
Terracciano, A., Löckenhoff, C. E., Crum, R. M., Bienvenu, O. J. & Costa, P. T. (2008). Five-Factor Model personality profiles of drug users. BMC Psychiatry, 8(1), 1.Google Scholar
Tiffany, S. T. & Wray, J. M. (2012). The clinical significance of drug craving. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1248, 117. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06298.x.Google Scholar
Wagner, F. A. & Anthony, J. C. (2007). Male–female differences in the risk of progression from first use to dependence upon cannabis, cocaine, and alcohol. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 86(2), 191198.Google Scholar
West, R. (2009). The multiple facets of cigarette addiction and what they mean for encouraging and helping smokers to stop. COPD, 6(4), 277283.Google Scholar
West, R. (2017). 100 Key Facts about Addiction. London: Silverback Publishing.Google Scholar
West, R. & Brown, J. (2013). Theory of addiction (2nd edn). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
West, R., Raw, M., McNeill, A., et al. (2015). Health-care interventions to promote and assist tobacco cessation: a review of efficacy, effectiveness and affordability for use in national guideline development. Addiction, 110(9), 13881403. DOI: 10.1111/add.12998.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witteman, J., Post, H., Tarvainen, M., et al. (2015). Cue reactivity and its relation to craving and relapse in alcohol dependence: a combined laboratory and field study. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 232(20), 36853696. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4027-6.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2016). International Classification of Diseases and Related Health problems, 10th revision. Geneva: WHO. http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en.Google Scholar

References

Armitage, C. J. (2004). Evidence that implementation intentions reduce dietary fat intake: a randomized trial. Health Psychology, 23(3), 319–23.Google Scholar
Axelson, M. L., Brinberg, D. & Durand, J. H. (1983). Eating at a fast-food restaurant: a social–psychological analysis. Journal of Nutrition Education, 15, 9498.Google Scholar
Birch, L. L. (1980). Effects of peer models’ food choices and eating behaviors on preschoolers’ food preferences. Child Development, 51, 489496.Google Scholar
Birch, L. L. (1999). Development of food preferences. Annual Review of Nutrition, 19, 4162.Google Scholar
Birch, L. L. & Marlin, D. W. (1982). I don’t like it; I never tried it: effects of exposure on two-year-old children’s food preferences. Appetite, 23, 353360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birch, L. L., Zimmerman, S. & Hind, H. (1980). The influence of social affective context on preschool children’s food preferences. Child Development, 51, 856861.Google Scholar
Birch, L. L., Birch, D., Marlin, D. & Kramer, L. (1982). Effects of instrumental eating on children’s food preferences. Appetite, 3, 125134.Google Scholar
Boon, B., Stroebe, W., Schut, H. & Ijntema, R. (2002). Ironic processes in the eating behaviour of restrained eaters. British Journal of Health Psychology, 7(1), 110.Google Scholar
Brown, J. & Ogden, J. (2004). Children’s eating attitudes and behaviour: a study of the modelling and control theories of parental influence. Health Education Research: Theory and Practice, 19, 261271.Google Scholar
Brown, K., Ogden, J., Gibson, L. & Vogele, C. (2008). The role of parental control practices in explaining children’s diet and BMI. Appetite, 50, 252259.Google Scholar
Busick, D. B., Brooks, J., Pernecky, S., Dawson, R. & Petzoldt, J. (2008). Parent food purchases as a measure of exposure and preschool-aged children’s willingness to identify and taste fruit and vegetables. Appetite, 51, 468473.Google Scholar
Fisher, J. O., Birch, L. L., Smiciklas-Wright, H. & Piocciano, M. F. (2000). Breastfeeding through the first year predicts maternal control in feeding and subsequent toddler energy intakes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100, 641646.Google Scholar
Grilo, C. M., Shiffman, S. & Wing, R. R. (1989). Relapse crisis and coping among dieters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 488495.Google Scholar
Halford, J. C., Gillespie, J., Brown, V., Pontin, E. E. & Dovey, T. M. (2004). Effect on television advertisements for foods on food consumption in children. Appetite, 42(2), 221225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hendy, H. M., Williams, K. E. & Camise, T. S. (2005). ‘Kid’s choice’ school lunch program increases children’s fruit and vegetable acceptance. Appetite, 45(3), 250263.Google Scholar
Herman, P. & Mack, D. (1975). Restrained and unrestrained eating. Journal of Personality, 43, 646660.Google Scholar
Herman, C. P. & Polivy, J. (1980). Restrained eating. In Stunkard, A. J. (ed.). Obesity. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.Google Scholar
Honkanen, P., Olsen, S. O. & Verplanken, B. (2005). Intention to consume seafood: the importance of habit. Appetite, 45(2), 161168.Google Scholar
Jacobs, N., Hagger, M. S., Streukens, S., De Bourdeaudhuij, I. & Claes, N. (2011). Testing an integrated model of the theory of planned behaviour and self- determination theory for different energy balance-related behaviours and intervention intensities. British Journal of Health Psychology, 16(1), 113134.Google Scholar
Jarman, M., Ogden, J., Inskip, H., et al. (2016) How do mothers control their preschool children’s eating habits and does this change as children grow older? A longitudinal analysis. Appetite, 95, 466474.Google Scholar
King, L. & Hill, A. J. (2008). Magazine adverts for healthy and less healthy foods: effects on recall but not hunger or food choice by pre-adolescent children. Appetite, 51(1), 194197.Google Scholar
Klesges, R. C., Stein, R. J., Eck, L. H. et al. (1991). Parental influences on food selection in young children and its relationships to childhood obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53, 859864.Google Scholar
Lepper, M., Sagotsky, G., Dafoe, J. L. & Greene, D. (1982). Consequences of superfluous social constraints: effects on young children’s social inferences and subsequent intrinsic interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 5165.Google Scholar
Lowe, C. F., Dowey, A. & Horne, P. (1998). Changing what children eat. In Murcott, A. (ed.). The Nation’s diet: the Social Science of Food Choice. Boston, MA: Addison WesleyGoogle Scholar
MacNicol, S. A. M., Murray, S. M. & Austin, E. J. (2003). Relationships between personality, attitudes and dietary behaviour in a group of Scottish adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 17531764.Google Scholar
Marlatt, G. A. & Gordon, J. R. (1985). Relapse Prevention. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Ogden, J. (2010). The Psychology of Eating: from Healthy to Disordered Behaviour (2nd edn). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ogden, J. & Greville, L. (1993). Cognitive changes to preloading in restrained and unrestrained eaters as measured by the Stroop task. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14, 185195.Google Scholar
Ogden, J. & Wardle, J. (1990). Control of eating and attributional style. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29, 445446.Google Scholar
Ogden, J., Reynolds, R. & Smith, A. (2006). Expanding the concept of parental control: a role for overt and covert control in children’s snacking behaviour. Appetite. 47, 100106.Google Scholar
Olivera, S. A., Ellison, R. C., Moore, L. L., et al. (1992). Parent–child relationships in nutrient intake: the Framingham children’s study, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 56, 593598.Google Scholar
Pearson, N., Biddle, S. J. & Gorely, T. (2009). Family correlates of breakfast consumption among children and adolescents: a systematic review. Appetite, 52(1), 17.Google Scholar
Polivy, J. & Herman, C. P. (1999). The effects of resolving to diet on restrained and unrestrained eaters: a false hope syndrome. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 26(4), 434447.Google Scholar
Povey, R., Conner, M., Sparks, P., James, R. & Shepherd, R. (2000). The theory of planned behaviour and healthy eating: examining additive and moderating effects of social influence variables. Psychology and Health, 14, 9911006.Google Scholar
Radnitz, C., Byrne, S., Goldman, R., et al. (2009). Food cues in children’s television programs. Appetite, 52 (1), 230233.Google Scholar
Rozin, P. (1976). The selection of foods by rats, humans, and other animals. In Rosenblatt, J., Hinde, R.A., Beer, C. & Shaw, E. (eds) Advances in the Study of Behavior (Vol. 6). New York: Academic Press, 2167.Google Scholar
Salvy, S. J., Vartanian, L. R., Coelho, J. S., Jarrin, D. & Pliner, P. P. (2008). The role of familiarity on modeling of eating and food consumption in children. Appetite, 50, 514518.Google Scholar
Shepherd, R. (1988). Belief structure in relation to low-fat milk consumption. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 1, 421428.Google Scholar
Shepherd, R. & Farleigh, C. A. (1986). Preferences, attitudes and personality as determinants of salt intake. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 40A,