Book contents
- Atlas of Surgical Techniques in Trauma
- Atlas of Surgical Techniques in Trauma
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Section 1 The Trauma Operating Room
- Section 2 Resuscitative Procedures in the Emergency Room
- Section 3 Head
- Section 4 Neck
- Section 5 Chest
- Chapter 14 General Principles of Chest Trauma Operations
- Chapter 15 Cardiac Injuries
- Chapter 16 Thoracic Vessels
- Chapter 17 Lungs
- Chapter 18 Thoracic Esophagus
- Chapter 19 Diaphragm
- Chapter 20 Surgical Fixation of Rib Fractures
- Chapter 21 Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Evacuation of Retained Hemothorax
- Section 6 Abdomen
- Section 7 Pelvic Fractures and Bleeding
- Section 8 Upper Extremities
- Section 9 Lower Extremities
- Section 10 Orthopedic Damage Control
- Section 11 Soft Tissues
- Index
Chapter 15 - Cardiac Injuries
from Section 5 - Chest
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 October 2019
- Atlas of Surgical Techniques in Trauma
- Atlas of Surgical Techniques in Trauma
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Section 1 The Trauma Operating Room
- Section 2 Resuscitative Procedures in the Emergency Room
- Section 3 Head
- Section 4 Neck
- Section 5 Chest
- Chapter 14 General Principles of Chest Trauma Operations
- Chapter 15 Cardiac Injuries
- Chapter 16 Thoracic Vessels
- Chapter 17 Lungs
- Chapter 18 Thoracic Esophagus
- Chapter 19 Diaphragm
- Chapter 20 Surgical Fixation of Rib Fractures
- Chapter 21 Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Evacuation of Retained Hemothorax
- Section 6 Abdomen
- Section 7 Pelvic Fractures and Bleeding
- Section 8 Upper Extremities
- Section 9 Lower Extremities
- Section 10 Orthopedic Damage Control
- Section 11 Soft Tissues
- Index
Summary
The pericardium envelops the heart and attaches to the roots of the great vessels. This includes the ascending aorta, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, the last 2–4 cm of superior vena cava, and inferior vena cava.
The phrenic nerves descend on the lateral surfaces of the pericardium.
Acute accumulation of as little as 200 mL of fluid in the pericardial sac may result in fatal cardiac tamponade.
The right atrium is paper thin, approximately 2 mm. The left atrium is slightly thicker at approximately 3 mm.
The right ventricle is approximately 4 mm thick and the left ventricular wall thickness is approximately 12 mm.
The two main coronary arteries, left main and right coronary arteries, originate at the root of the aorta, as it exits the left ventricle. The left main coronary artery divides into the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the circumflex artery, and provides blood supply to the left heart. The right coronary artery divides into the right posterior descending and acute marginal arteries, supplying blood to the right heart, as well as the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes responsible for regulating cardiac rhythm.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Atlas of Surgical Techniques in Trauma , pp. 104 - 117Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2020