Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T16:18:46.485Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - New Insight from the Early Times

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2017

Manfred Elsig
Affiliation:
World Trade Institute, Universität Bern, Switzerland
Bernard Hoekman
Affiliation:
European University Institute, Florence
Joost Pauwelyn
Affiliation:
Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Assessing the World Trade Organization
Fit for Purpose?
, pp. 43 - 96
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Anderson, James and Neary, J. Peter. 2005. Measuring the Restrictiveness of Trade Policy. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Kym. 2016. ‘Contributions of the GATT/WTO to Global Economic Welfare: Empirical Evidence’. Journal of Economic Surveys 30 (1): 5692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagwell, Kyle, Bown, Chad P. and Staiger, Robert W. 2016. ‘Is the WTO Passé?Journal of Economic Literature 54 (4): 11251231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagwell, Kyle, Staiger, Robert W. and Yurukoglu, Ali. 2015. ‘Multilateral Trade Bargaining: A First Look at the GATT Bargaining Records’. NBER Working Paper, No. 21488, August.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balassa, Bela. 1961. The Theory of Economic Integration. Homewood, IL: Irwin.Google Scholar
Bown, Chad P. and Irwin, Douglas A. 2015. ‘The Urban Legend: Pre-GATT Tariffs of 40%’. VoxEU, 19 December. www.voxeu.org/article/myth-40-pre-gatt-tariffsGoogle Scholar
Brusse, Wendy A. 1997. Tariffs, Trade, and European Integration, 1947–1957. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Clemens, Michael A. and Williamson, Jeffrey G. 2004. ‘Why Did the Tariff-Growth Correlation Change after 1950?Journal of Economic Growth 9 (1): 546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Committee for Economic Development. 1964. Trade Negotiations for a Better Free World Economy. New York: CED.Google Scholar
Crucini, Mario J. 1994. ‘Sources of Variation in Real Tariff Rates: The United States, 1900–1940’. American Economic Review 84 (3): 732743.Google Scholar
Curzon, Gerard. 1965. Multilateral Commercial Diplomacy: The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and Its Impact on National Commercial Policies and Techniques. London: Michael Joseph.Google Scholar
Finger, Joseph M. 1979. ‘Trade Liberalization: A Public Choice Perspective’. In Challenges to a Liberal International Economic Order, edited by Amacher, R. C., Haberler, G., and Willett, T.. Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute.Google Scholar
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. 1953a. International Trade, 1952. Geneva: GATT.Google Scholar
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. 1953b. Report of the Intersessional Working Party on the Reduction of Tariff Levels. G/53, October 9, https://gatt.stanford.edu/bin/detail?fileID=17024479, accessed 17 March 2016.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Judith, Rivers, Douglas and Tomz, Michael. 2007. ‘Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and the WTO on World Trade’. International Organization 61 (1): 3767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, Michael. 2003. A Trading Nation: Canadian Trade Policy from Colonialism to Globalization. Toronto: UBC Press.Google Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A. 1998. ‘Changes in U.S. Tariffs: The Role of Import Prices and Commercial Policies’. American Economic Review 88 (4): 10151026.Google Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A. 2010. ‘Trade Restrictiveness and Deadweight Losses from US Tariffs’. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 2 (3): 111133.Google Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A. 2012. Trade Policy Disaster: Lessons from the 1930s. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kee, Hiau, Neagu, C. and Nicita, Alessandro. 2013. ‘Is Protectionism on the Rise? Assessing National Trade Policies during the Crisis of 2008’. Review of Economics and Statistics 95 (1): 342346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kee, Hiau, Nicita, Alessandro and Olarreaga, Marcelo. 2008. ‘Import Demand Elasticities and Trade Distortions’. Review of Economics and Statistics 90 (4): 666682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kee, Hiau, Nicita, Alessandro and Olarreaga, Marcelo. 2009. ‘Estimating Trade Restrictiveness Indices’. Economic Journal 119 (1): 172199.Google Scholar
League of Nations. 1927. Tariff Level Indices. Geneva: League of Nations.Google Scholar
Lloyd, Peter. 2008. ‘100 Years of Tariff Protection in Australia’. Australian Economic History Review 48 (2): 99145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ossa, Ralph. 2014. ‘Trade Wars and Trade Talks with Data’. American Economic Review 104 (12): 41044146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macmillan, Palgrave (ed.). 2013. International Historical Statistics, http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137305688.0216, accessed 17 September 2015.Google Scholar
Political and Economic Planning. 1959. Tariffs and Trade in Western Europe. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Preeg, E. H. 1970. Traders and Diplomats: An Analysis of the Kennedy Round of Negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
United States International Trade Commission. 2014. U.S. imports for consumption, duties collected, and ratio of duties to value, 1891–2013. Office of Analysis and Research Services, Office of Operations, https://dataweb.usitc.gov/scripts/AVE_table_1891–2013.pdf, accessed 17 March 2016.Google Scholar
US Tariff Commission. 1948. Operation of the Trade Agreements Program, June 1934-April 1948, Part III. Trade-Agreement Concessions Granted by the United States, Report No. 160. Washington, DC: GPO.Google Scholar
World Bank. 1987. World Development Report, 1987. Washington, DC: World Bank.Google Scholar
World Trade Organization. 2007. World Trade Report: Six Decades of Multilateral Cooperation, What Have We Learnt? Geneva: WTO.Google Scholar
Woytinsky, Wladimir S. and Woytinsky, Emma S. 1955. World Commerce and Governments. New York: Twentieth Century Fund.Google Scholar

Bibliography

Bagwell, Kyle and Staiger, Robert W. 2002. The Economics of the World Trading System. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagwell, Kyle and Staiger, Robert W. 2011. ‘What Do Trade Negotiators Negotiate About? Empirical Evidence from the World Trade Organization’. American Economic Review, American Economic Association, 101 (4): 12381273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagwell, Kyle, Staiger, Robert and Yurukoglu, Ali. 2015. Multilateral trade bargaining: a first look at the GATT bargaining records. MS (unpublished document).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, Richard. 1987. ‘Politically Realistic Objective Functions and Trade Policy’. Economic Letters 24:287–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Michael, Goldstein, Judith and Weingast, Barry R. 1997. ‘The Institutional Roots of American Trade Policy: Politics, Coalitions, and International Trade’. World Politics 49(3):309338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bidwell, P.W. 1944. ‘A Postwar Commercial Policy for the United States’. American Economic Review 34 (1): 340453.Google Scholar
Broda, Christian, Limão, Nuno and Weinstein, David E. 2008. ‘Optimal Tariffs and Market Power: The Evidence’. American Economic Review 98 (5): 2032–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, William Adams Jr. 1950. The United States and the Restoration of World Trade. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.Google Scholar
Diebold, W. Jr. 1941. New Directions in Our Trade Policy. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.Google Scholar
Eckes, Alfred E. 1999. America’s Market: U.S. Foreign Trade Policy Since 1776. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Gilligan, Michael J. 1997. Empowering Exporters. Michigan Studies in International Political Economy, Michigan: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, Judith and Gulotty, Robert. 2014. ‘American and Trade Liberalization: The Limits of Institutional Reform’. International Organization 68 (2): 263295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, Judith and Gulotty, Robert. 2015. ‘Weighing Economic Ideology: The Role of Economic Ideas in American Trade Policymaking’. Working paper, Stanford University.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Judith, Rivers, Doug and Tomz, Michael. 2007. ‘Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and WTO on World Trade’. International Organization 61(1):3767.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, Gene and Helpman, Elhanan. 1994. ‘Protection for Sale’. American Economic Review 84: 833850.Google Scholar
Hawkins, Harry C. 1951. Commercial Treaties and Agreements, Principles and Practice. New York: Rinehart.Google Scholar
Hiscox, Michael J. 1999. ‘The Magic Bullet? The RTAA, Institutional Reform, and Trade Liberalization’. International Organization 53 (4):669698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A. 1998. ‘Changes in U.S. Tariffs: The Role of Import Prices and Commercial Policies’. American Economic Review, 88: 1015–26.Google Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A. 2002. Free Trade Under Fire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A. 2011. Peddling Protectionism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Irwin, Douglas A. and Krosner, Randall S. 1996. ‘Log-Rolling and Economic Interests in the Passage of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff’. Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 45 (December 1996) 173200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Irwin, Douglas, Mavroidis, Petros and Sykes, Alan. 2008. The Genesis of the GATT. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Harry G. 1953–54. ‘Optimum Tariffs and Retaliation’. Review of Economic Studies 21 (2):142153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Ronald W. 1969. ‘Tariffs and Trade in General Equilibrium: Comment’. American Economic Review 59: 418424.Google Scholar
Regan, Donald H. 2006. ‘What Are Trade Agreements For? Two Conflicting Stories Told by Economists, with a Lesson for Lawyers’. Journal of International Economic Law 9: 951988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrew, Rose. 2004. ‘Do We Really Know That the WTO Increased Trade?The American Economic Review 94(1): 98114Google Scholar
Schattschneider, E. E. 1935. Politics, Pressures, and the Tariff. New York: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Swift, Elaine K., Brookshire, Robert G., Canon, David T., Fink, Evelyn C., Hibbing, John R., Humes, Brian D., Malbin, Michael J. and Martis, Kenneth C. 2009. ‘Database of [United States] Congressional historical statistics 1789–1989’. Computer file ICPSR03371-v2.Google Scholar
US Government. 1932–1933. Economic Analysis of Foreign Trade of the United States in Relation to the Tariff. S. Res. 325, 72nd Congress, 2nd session.Google Scholar
US Government. 1961. Historical Statistics of the United States: Colonial Times to 1957. Washington, DC: US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, series U 15–20, p. 539.Google Scholar
US Department of State. 1947. Analysis of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Washington, DC. US Department of State.Google Scholar
United States Tariff Commission. 1940. Pre-agreement and post-agreement trade of the United States with the principal countries with which trade agreements were made before 1937. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
United States Tariff Commission. 1945. Trade agreements a miscellany of information. Washington, DC.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×