Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-jr42d Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T20:10:27.345Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Zinc supported on acid-activated montmorillonite for aromatization reactions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2020

Yong-Hua Zhao*
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, China
Hong-Xu Luo
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, China
Huan Wang
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, China
Gui-Qiu Huang
Affiliation:
Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Oil and Natural Gas Resource Effective Utilization, School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
*

Abstract

A Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) was activated with HNO3 (20 wt.%) solution at various temperatures and times to obtain acid-activated MMT (Acid-MMT). Zinc (4 wt.%) was supported on Acid-MMT via the impregnation method using Zn(NO3)2⋅6H2O as a precursor. The catalytic performance of the Zn/Acid-MMT for the aromatization of heptane was investigated. The amount and distribution of acidity of Acid-MMT, which could be adjusted by changing the acid activation time and temperature, significantly affected the heptane conversion and aromatics content. As a result, an efficient Zn/Acid-MMT catalyst for the aromatization reaction was obtained by optimizing the acid-treatment conditions of Na-MMT.

Type
Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Huaming Yang

References

Aloise, A., Catizzone, E., Migliori, M., Nagy, J.B. & Giordano, G. (2017) Catalytic behavior in propane aromatization using Ga-MFI catalyst. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 25, 18631870.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthos, R. & Solymosi, F. (2005) Aromatization of n-heptane on Mo2C-containing catalysts. Journal of Catalysis, 235, 6068.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, Y., Yin, J., Shi, G., Liu, H. & Bao, X. (2009) Mechanistic pathways for olefin hydroisomerization and aromatization in fluid catalytic cracking gasoline hydro-upgrading. Energy & Fuels, 23, 30163023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, H., Zhao, B.X., Luo, J.C., Wu, D., Ye, W., Wang, Q. & Zhang, X.L. (2014) Fe-Ni-Al pillared montmorillonite as a heterogeneous catalyst for the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation degradation of orange acid II: preparation condition and properties study. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 196, 208215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guisnet, M.S. & Gnep, N.S. (1996) Aromatization of propane over GaHMFI catalysts. Reaction scheme, nature of the dehydrogenating species and mode of coke formation. Catalysis Today, 31, 275292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hao, Q.-Q., Wang, G.-W., Zhao, Y.-H., Liu, Z.-T. & Liu, Z.-W. (2013) Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over cobalt/montmorillonite promoted with different interlayer cations. Fuel, 109, 3342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Komadel, P. (2003) Chemically modified smectites. Clay Minerals, 38, 127138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, P., Jasar, R.V. & Bhat, T.S.G. (1995) Evolution of porosity and surface acidity in montmorillonite clay on acid activation. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 34, 14401448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahoo, S.K., Viswanadham, N., Ray, N., Gupta, J.K. & Singh, I.D. (2001) Studies on acidity, activity and coke deactivation of ZSM-5 during n-heptane aromatization. Applied Catalysis A: General, 205, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samanta, A., Bai, X., Robinson, B., Chen, H. & Hu, J. (2017) Conversion of light alkane to value-added chemicals over ZSM-5/metal promoted catalysts. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56, 1100611012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taxiarchou, M. & Douni, I. (2014) The effect of oxalic acid activation on the bleaching properties of a bentonite from Milos Island, Greece. Clay Minerals, 49, 541549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Temuujin, J., Jadambaa, T., Burmaa, G., Erdenechimeg, S., Amarsanaa, J. & MacKenzie, K.J.D. (2004) Characterisation of acid activated montmorillonite clay from Tuulant (Mongolia). Ceramics International, 30, 251255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Topsoe, N., Joensen, F. & Derouane, E., (1988) IR studies of the nature of the acid sites of ZSM-5 zeolites modified by steaming. Journal of Catalysis, 110, 404406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valle, B., Castaño, P., Olazar, M., Bilbao, J. & Gayubo, A.G. (2012) Deactivating species in the transformation of crude bio-oil with methanol into hydrocarbons on a HZSM-5 catalyst. Journal of Catalysis, 285, 304314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viswanadham, N., Dhar, G.M. & Rao, T.S.R.P. (1997) Pore size analysis of ZSM-5 catalysts used in n-heptane aromatization reaction: an evidence for molecular traffic control (MTC) mechanism. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 125, L87L90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Viswanadham, N., Pradhan, A.R., Ray, N., Vishnoi, S.C., Shanker, U. & Rao, T.S.R.P. (1996) Reaction pathways for the aromatization of paraffins in the presence of H-ZSM-5 and Zn/H-ZSM-5. Applied Catalysis A: General, 137, 225233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, Z., Chen, L., Cao, Q., Wen, Z., Zhou, Z., Xu, Y. & Zhu, X. (2017) Steamed Zn/ZSM-5 catalysts for improved methanol aromatization with high stability. Fuel Processing Technology, 162, 6677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yoshio, O. (1992) Transformation of lower alkanes into aromatic hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 zeolites. Catalysis Reviews, 34, 179226.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y.-H., Gao, T.-Y., Wang, Y.-J., Zhou, Y.-J. & Huang, G.-Q. (2018) Zinc supported on alkaline activated HZSM-5 for aromatization reaction. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 125, 10851098.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Y.-H., Hao, Q.-Q., Song, Y.-H., Fan, W.-B., Liu, Z.-T. & Liu, Z.-W. (2013) Cobalt supported on alkaline-activated montmorillonite as an efficient catalyst for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Energy & Fuels, 27, 63626371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Y.-H., Wang, Y.-J., Hao, Q.-Q., Liu, Z.-T. & Liu, Z.-W. (2015) Effective activation of montmorillonite and its application for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis over ruthenium promoted cobalt. Fuel Processing Technology, 136, 8795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar