Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Epigraph
- Contents
- Foreword and Preface
- Preface
- Summary of the first global integrated marine assessment
- The context of the assessment
- Assessment of Major Ecosystem Services from the Marine Environment (Other than Provisioning Services)
- Assessment of the Cross-cutting Issues: Food Security and Food Safety
- Assessment of Other Human Activities and the Marine Environment
- Chapter 17 Shipping
- Chapter 18 Ports
- Chapter 19 Submarine Cables and Pipelines
- Chapter 20 Coastal, Riverine and Atmospheric Inputs from Land
- Chapter 21 Offshore Hydrocarbon Industries
- Chapter 22 Other Marine-Based Energy Industries
- Chapter 23 Offshore Mining Industries
- Chapter 24 Solid Waste Disposal
- Chapter 25 Marine Debris
- Chapter 26 Land-Sea Physical Interaction
- Chapter 27 Tourism and Recreation
- Chapter 28 Desalinization
- Chapter 29 Use of Marine Genetic Resources
- Chapter 30 Marine Scientific Research
- Chapter 31 Conclusions on Other Human Activities
- Chapter 32 Capacity-Building in Relation to Human Activities Affecting the Marine Environment
- Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity and Habitats
- Section A Overview of Marine Biological Diversity
- Chapter 36 Overview of Marine Biological Diversity
- Section B Marine Ecosystems, Species and Habitats Scientifically Identified as Threatened, Declining or Otherwise in need of Special Attention or Protection
- I Marine Species
- II Marine Ecosystems and Habitats
- Section C Environmental, economic and/or social aspects of the conservation of marine species and habitats and capacity-building needs
- Overall Assessment
- Annexes
- References
Chapter 21 - Offshore Hydrocarbon Industries
from Assessment of Other Human Activities and the Marine Environment
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 May 2017
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Epigraph
- Contents
- Foreword and Preface
- Preface
- Summary of the first global integrated marine assessment
- The context of the assessment
- Assessment of Major Ecosystem Services from the Marine Environment (Other than Provisioning Services)
- Assessment of the Cross-cutting Issues: Food Security and Food Safety
- Assessment of Other Human Activities and the Marine Environment
- Chapter 17 Shipping
- Chapter 18 Ports
- Chapter 19 Submarine Cables and Pipelines
- Chapter 20 Coastal, Riverine and Atmospheric Inputs from Land
- Chapter 21 Offshore Hydrocarbon Industries
- Chapter 22 Other Marine-Based Energy Industries
- Chapter 23 Offshore Mining Industries
- Chapter 24 Solid Waste Disposal
- Chapter 25 Marine Debris
- Chapter 26 Land-Sea Physical Interaction
- Chapter 27 Tourism and Recreation
- Chapter 28 Desalinization
- Chapter 29 Use of Marine Genetic Resources
- Chapter 30 Marine Scientific Research
- Chapter 31 Conclusions on Other Human Activities
- Chapter 32 Capacity-Building in Relation to Human Activities Affecting the Marine Environment
- Assessment of Marine Biological Diversity and Habitats
- Section A Overview of Marine Biological Diversity
- Chapter 36 Overview of Marine Biological Diversity
- Section B Marine Ecosystems, Species and Habitats Scientifically Identified as Threatened, Declining or Otherwise in need of Special Attention or Protection
- I Marine Species
- II Marine Ecosystems and Habitats
- Section C Environmental, economic and/or social aspects of the conservation of marine species and habitats and capacity-building needs
- Overall Assessment
- Annexes
- References
Summary
Scale and significance of the offshore hydrocarbon industries and their social and economic benefits.
Location of offshore exploration and production activities
Offshore oil and gas exploration and development is focused in specific geographic areas where important oil fields have been discovered. Notable offshore fields are found in: the Gulf of Mexico (Fig. 1); the North Sea (Fig. 2); California (in the Santa Barbara basin); the Campos and Santos Basins off the coast of Brazil; Nova Scotia and Newfoundland in Atlantic Canada; West Africa, mainly west of Nigeria and Angola; the Gulf of Thailand; off Sakhalin Island on the Russian Pacific coast; in the ROPME/RECOFI area and on the Australia's North-West Shelf.
Production
According to the United States of America National Research Council (2003) in a snapshot of the global offshore oil and gas industry, there were (in 2003) more than 6,500 offshore oil and gas installations worldwide in 53 countries, 4,000 of which were in the United States Gulf of Mexico, 950 in Asia, 700 in the Middle East and 400 in Europe. These numbers are constantly changing as the industry expands and contracts in different places in response to numerous factors involved in the global energy market. An indicator of this volatility is that by 2014 there were only 2,410 rigs in the United States Gulf of Mexico, for example.
Global crude oil production is currently 84 million barrels per day (BPD; CIA Factbook, 2012 figures) of which about 33 per cent is from the offshore (Fig. 3). Data compiled by Infield (2014) indicate that onshore crude production plateaued at around 65 million BPD as early as the 1990s and growth in offshore production has accounted for most of the increased global productivity since then. Production from deep water (>100 m water depth and as deep as 2,900 m at Shell Oil's “Stones” field in the Gulf of Mexico) platforms accounted for about 1 per cent of production in 2000 but this figure had increased to 7 per cent by 2010 and is anticipated to reach 11 per cent of total global production by 2015 (Infield, 2014; Fig. 3).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The First Global Integrated Marine AssessmentWorld Ocean Assessment I, pp. 333 - 352Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2017
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