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2 - Geologic analogies between the surface of Mars and the McMurdo Dry Valleys: microclimate-related geomorphic features and evidence for climate change

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2010

By
David R. Marchant  and
James W. Head III
Edited by
Peter T. Doran ,
W. Berry Lyons  and
Diane M. McKnight
Peter T. Doran
Affiliation:
University of Illinois, Chicago
W. Berry Lyons
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Diane M. McKnight
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Boulder
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Summary

Abstract

The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), classified as a hyperarid, cold-polar desert, have long been considered an important terrestrial analog for Mars because of their cold and dry climate and their suite of landforms that closely resemble those occurring on the surface of Mars at several different scales, despite significant differences in current atmospheric pressure. The MDV have been subdivided on the basis of summertime measurements of atmospheric temperature, soil moisture, and relative humidity, into three microclimate zones (Marchant and Head,2007): a coastal thaw zone, an inland mixed zone, and a stable upland zone. Minor differences in these climate parameters lead to large differences in the distribution and morphology of features at the macroscale (e.g., slopes and gullies); mesoscale (e.g., polygons, viscous-flow features, and debris-covered glaciers); and microscale (e.g., rock-weathering processes/features, including wind erosion, salt weathering, and surface pitting). Equilibrium landforms form in balance with environmental conditions within fixed microclimate zones. For example, sublimation polygons indicate the presence of extensive near-surface ice in the MDV and identification of similar landforms on Mars appears to provide a basis for detecting the location of current and past shallow ice. The modes of occurrence of the limited and unusual biota in the MDV provide terrestrial laboratories for the study of possible environments for life on Mars. The range of microenvironments in the MDV are hypersensitive to climate variability, and their stability and change provide important indications of climate history and potential stress on the biota.

Type
Chapter
Information
Life in Antarctic Deserts and other Cold Dry Environments
Astrobiological Analogs
 , pp. 9 - 77
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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