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The Diablo Canyon Fauna: A Coarse-Grained Record of Trans-Holocene Foraging from the Central California Mainland Coast

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Terry L. Jones ,
Judith F. Porcasi ,
Jereme W. Gaeta  and
Brian F. Codding
Terry L. Jones
Affiliation:
Department of Social Sciences, California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 (Tljones@calpoly.edu)
Judith F. Porcasi
Affiliation:
Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (porcasi@roadrunner.com)
Jereme W. Gaeta
Affiliation:
Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, 680 N. Park, Madison, WI53706 (jgaeta@wisc.edu)
Brian F. Codding
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 50, Stanford, CA 94305-2034 (bcodding@stanford.edu)
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Abstract

Decades ago the Diablo Canyon site (CA-SLO-2) on the central California mainland revealed one of the oldest and longest sequences (ca. 9400 radiocarbon years ago to contact) of coastal occupation on the shore of the northeastern Pacific. The artifacts from these important deposits were reported in detail by Greenwood (1972), but only a fraction of the site's faunal collections was analyzed in the original site report. Acquisition of 30 additional radiocarbon dates and analysis of the complete vertebrate fauna have produced a coarse-grained record of human foraging on the California mainland from 8300 cal B.C. to cal A.D. 1769. The temporally controlled faunal matrix, constituting one of the largest trans-Holocene records from western North America, speaks in a meaningful way to two significant issues in hunter-gatherer prehistory: early Holocene foraging strategies and economic intensification/resource depression over time. The site’s earliest component suggests a population invested in watercraft and intensely adapted to the interface of land and sea along the northeastern Pacific coastline. While boats were used to access offshore rocks, terrestrial mammals (e.g., black-tailed deer) were also of primary importance. Dominance of deer throughout the Diablo occupations is inconsistent with recent generalizations about big-game hunting as costly signaling in western North American prehistory. Diachronic variation, correlated with superimposed burials that show growth in human populations through the Holocene, includes: (1) modest incremental changes in most taxa, suggesting resource stability and increasing diet breadth; (2) gradual but significant variation in a few taxa, including the flightless duck which was hunted into extinction and eventually replaced by sea otters; (3) punctuated, multidirectional change during the late Holocene related to historic contingencies of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and protohistoric disruptions.

Résumé

Résumé

Hace décadas, el sitio de Cañón de Diablo (CA-SLO-2) en el continente central de California reveló uno de las sucesiones más viejas y más largas (ca. 9400 años del radiocarbono hace contactar) de la ocupación costera en la costa pacífica del noreste. Los artefactos de estos depósitos importantes fueron informados con todo detalle por Greenwood (1972), pero sólo una fracción de las colecciones de faunal de sitio fue analizada en el informe original del sitio. La adquisición de 30 fechas adicionales de radiocarbono y análisis de la fauna completa del vertebrado ha producido un registro de grano gruesa del humano que adentra en el continente de California de 8300 B.C. al 1769 A.D. La matriz temporalmente controlada de faunal, constituyendo uno de los registros más grandes de trans-Holocene de Norteamérica occidental, habla en una manera significativa a dos asuntos significativos en la prehistoria de cazador-recolector: Holocene temprano que adentra las estrategias, y la depresión económica del intensificación recurso con el tiempo. El componente más temprano del sitio sugiere a una población invertida en el watercraft e intensamente adaptado al comunica de la tierra y el mar por el litoral pacífico del noreste. Mientras los barcos fueron utilizados para conseguir acceso a piedras cercanas a la costa, mamíferos terrestres (por ejemplo, venado de negro-tailed) fueron también de primordial importancia. La dominación de venado a través de las ocupaciones de Diablo es contradictoria con generalizaciones recientes acerca del juego grande que caza señalar como costoso en la prehistoria norteamericana occidental. La variación diacrónica, tuvo correlación con entierros sobrepuestos que muestran el crecimiento en poblaciones humanas por el Holocene, incluyen: (1) los cambios de incremento modestos en la mayoría de las tasas, sugiriendo la estabilidad del recurso y la anchura creciente de la dieta; (2) la variación gradual pero significativa en unas pocas tasa, inclusive el pato incapaz de volar que fue cazado en la extinción y finalmente reemplazado por nutrias de mar; (3) el cambio puntuado y multi-direccional durante el tarde Holocene relacionó a contingencias históricas de las interrupciones Climáticas Medievales de Anomalía y protohistoric.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 73 , Issue 2 , April 2008 , pp. 289 - 316
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2008

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