Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T01:18:02.325Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of feeding propylene glycol on dry matter intake, lactation performance, energy balance and blood metabolites in early lactation dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2009

Q. Liu ,
C. Wang ,
W. Z. Yang ,
W. W. Zhang ,
X. M. Yang ,
D. C. He ,
K. H. Dong  and
Y. X. Huang
Q. Liu*
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P. R. China
C. Wang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P. R. China
W. Z. Yang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P. R. China Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
W. W. Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P. R. China
X. M. Yang
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi, P. R. China
D. C. He
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taiyuan 030032, Shanxi, P. R. China
K. H. Dong
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P. R. China
Y. X. Huang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, P. R. China
*
†E-mail: liuqiangabc@163.com
Get access

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate effects of feeding propylene glycol (PG) on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition, blood metabolites and energy balance in Holstein dairy cows from 1 to 63 days in milk. Thirty-two multiparous cows, blocked by lactation number, previous 305-day milk production and expected calving date, were arranged into four groups in a randomized block design. Treatments were: control, low PG, medium PG and high PG with 0, 150, 300 and 450 ml PG per cow per day, respectively. The supplement of food grade PG (0.998 g/g PG) was hand-mixed into the top one-third of the daily ration. Cows were fed ad libitum a total mixed ration consisting of forage and concentrate (50 : 50, dry matter basis). Feed intake, milk yield and milk components were not affected (P > 0.05) by PG supplementation. Overall, body weight (BW) loss tended (P < 0.08) to be linearly reduced, and energy status was linearly improved with increasing PG supplementation. Concentrations of glucose in plasma were higher for cows fed PG relative to control (55.6 v. 58.9 mg/dl) and linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing PG supplementation. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate were linearly increased, but urine acetoacetate concentration was quadratically changed with the highest for control diet and the lowest for 450 ml/day of PG. These results indicated that supplementation of PG in the early lactating cow diets had minimal effects on feed intake and milk production, but may potentially reduce contents of milk fat and milk protein. Supplementation of early lactating dairy cow diets with PG is beneficial in terms of improving energy status and reducing BW loss.

Keywords

propylene glycollactation performanceenergy balanceblood metabolitesdairy cows
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 3 , Issue 10 , October 2009 , pp. 1420 - 1427
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1990. Official methods of analysis, 14th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Int., Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1997. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Int., Gaithersburg, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Bertics, SJ, Grummer, RR, Cadorniga-Valino, C, Stoddard, EE 1992. Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 1914–1922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burhans, WS, Briggs, EA, Rathmacher, JA, Bell, AW 1997. Glucogenic supplementation does not reduce body tissue protein degradation in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80 (suppl. 1), 167(abstract).Google Scholar
Butler, ST, Pelton, SH, Butler, WR 2006. Energy balance, metabolic status, and the first postpartum ovarian follicle wave in cows administered propylene glycol. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 2938–2951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Canfield, RW, Butler, WR 1991. Energy balance, first ovulation and the effects of naloxone on LH secretion in early postpartum dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 69, 740–746.Google Scholar
Christensen, JO, Grummer, RR, Rasmussen, FE, Bertics, SJ 1997. Effect of method of delivery of propylene glycol on plasma metabolites of feed restricted cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 563–568.Google Scholar
Chung, YH, Rico, DE, Martinez, CM, Cassidy, TW, Noirot, V, Ames, A, Varga, GA 2007. Effects of feeding dry glycerin to early postpartum Holstein dairy cows on lactational performance and metabolic profiles. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 5682–5691.Google Scholar
DeFrain, JM, Hippen, AR, Kalscheur, KF, Jardon, PW 2004. Feeding glycerol to transition dairy cows: effects on blood metabolites and lactation performance. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 4195–4206.Google Scholar
Emery, RS, Herdt, TH 1991. Lipid nutrition. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 7, 341–352.Google Scholar
Feng, YL, Mo, F, Lu, ZN 2000. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (in Chinese), pp. 14–15. Chinese Agriculture University Press, Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Formigoni, A, Cornil, MC, Prandi, A, Mordenti, A, Rossi, A, Portetelle, D, Renaville, R 1996. Effect of propylene glycol supplementation around parturition on milk yield, reproduction performance and some hormonal and metabolic characteristics in dairy cows. The Journal of Dairy Research 63, 11–24.Google Scholar
Grummer, RR, Winkler, JC, Bertics, SJ, Studer, VA 1994. Effect of propylene glycol dosage during feed restriction on metabolites in blood of prepartum Holstein heifers. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 3618–3623.Google Scholar
Herdt, TH 1988. Fatty liver in dairy cows. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 4, 269–287.Google Scholar
Hobbs, CS, Hansard, SL, Barrick, ER 1950. Simplified methods and equipment used in separation of urine from feces eliminated by heifers and by steers. Journal of Animal Science 9, 565–570.Google Scholar
Ingvartsen, KL, Andersen, JB 2000. Integration of metabolism and intake regulation: a review focusing on periparturient animals. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1573–1597.Google Scholar
Johnson, RB 1954. The treatment of ketosis with glycerol and propylene glycol. The Cornell Veterinarian 44, 6–21.Google Scholar
Johnson, MM, Peters, JP 1993. Technical note: an improved method to quantify nonesterified fatty acids in bovine plasma. Journal of Animal Science 71, 753–756.Google Scholar
Kim, YK, Choi, H, Myung, KH 2005. Effects of propylene glycol on carcass traits and its related gene expression in Korean native steers. Journal of Animal Science 83, 344–349.Google Scholar
Kristensen, NB, Raun, BML 2007. Ruminal and intermediary metabolism of propylene glycol in lactating Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 4707–4717.Google Scholar
Liu, Q, Wang, C, Huang, YX, Dong, KH, Yang, WZ, Wang, H 2008. Effects of lanthanum on rumen fermentation, urinary excretion of purine derivatives and digestibility in steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 142, 121–132.Google Scholar
Maplesden, DC 1954. Propylene glycol in the treatment of ketosis. Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine and Veterinary Science 18, 287–293.Google Scholar
McClanahan, S, Hunter, J, Murphy, M, Valberg, S 1998. Propylene glycol toxicosis in a mare. Veterinary and Human Toxicology 40, 294–296.Google Scholar
Miettinen, PVA 1995. Prevention of bovine ketosis with glucogenic substances and its effects on fertility in Finnish dairy cows. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 108, 14–19.Google Scholar
Miyoshi, S, Pate, JL, Palmquist, DL 2001. Effects of propylene glycol drenching on energy balance, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, ovarian function and conception in dairy cows. Animal Reproduction Science 68, 29–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moallem, U, Katz, M, Lehrer, H, Livshitz, L, Yakoby, S 2007. Role of peripartum dietary propylene glycol or protected fats on metabolism and early postpartum ovarian follicles. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 1243–1254.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, NI, Ingvartsen, KL 2004. Propylene glycol for dairy cows: a review of the metabolism of propylene glycol and its effects on physiological parameters, feed intake, milk production and risk of ketosis. Animal Feed Science and Technology 115, 191–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, MO, Riis, PM 1993. Somatotropin. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 89 (suppl.), 47–54.Google Scholar
NRC 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 7th revised edition. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Pickett, MM, Piepenbrink, MS, Overton, TR 2003. Effects of propylene glycol or fat drench on plasma metabolites, liver composition, and production of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 2113–2121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reynolds, CK, Sutton, JD, Beever, DE 1997. Effects of feeding starch to dairy cattle on nutrient availability and production. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. PC Garnsworthy and J Wiseman), pp. 104–134. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Rukkwamsuk, T, Rungruangb, S, Choothesaa, A, Wensing, T 2005. Effect of propylene glycol on fatty liver development and hepatic fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase activity in periparturient dairy cows. Livestock Production Science 95, 95–102.Google Scholar
SAS 2000. SAS User’s Guide: Statistics, Version. 8.1 Edition. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Shingfield, KJ, Jaakkola, S, Huhtanen, P 2002. Effect of forage conservation method, concentrate level and propylene glycol on diet digestibility, rumen fermentation, blood metabolite concentrations and nutrient utilization of dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 97, 1–21.Google Scholar
Stokes, SR, Goff, JP 2001. Case study: evaluation of calcium propionate and propylene glycol administered into the esophagus at calving. The Professional Animal Scientist 17, 115–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Studer, VA, Grummer, RR, Bertics, SJ 1993. Effect of prepartum propylene glycol administration on periparturient fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 2931–2939.Google Scholar
Sutton, JD 1989. Altering milk composition by feeding. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 2801–2814.Google Scholar
Trinder, P 1969. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 6, 24–27.Google Scholar
Van Knegsel, ATM, Van Den Brand, H, Dijkstra, J, Van Straalen, WM, Jorritsma, R, Tamminga, S, Kemp, B 2007. Effect of glucogenic vs. lipogenic diets on energy balance, blood metabolites, and reproduction in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 3397–3409.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Williamson, DH, Mellanby, J, Krebs, HA 1962. Enzymic determination of D(–)-β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid in blood. The Biochemical Journal 82, 90–96.Google Scholar