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Adventitious Presence: Volunteer Flax (Linum usitatissimum) in Herbicide-Resistant Canola (Brassica napus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Amit J. Jhala ,
Lisa L. Raatz ,
Jody E. Dexter  and
Linda M. Hall
Amit J. Jhala*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Lisa L. Raatz
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
Jody E. Dexter
Affiliation:
Genome Prairie, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
Linda M. Hall*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: ajjhala@ucdavis.edu
Corresponding author's E-mail: ajjhala@ucdavis.edu
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Abstract

Flax is in the process of development as a crop for bio-industrial and nutraceutical products predicated on the use of genetic modification. Before genetically modified (GM) flax is commercially released, effective management practices should be developed to minimize adventitious presence (AP) of GM volunteer flax in subsequent crops. Field research was conducted at four locations during 2007 and 2008 in central Alberta to quantify and mitigate AP of volunteer flax in glufosinate-resistant (GR) and imidazolinone-resistant (IR) canola. A single preplant application of glyphosate at 1,250 g ae ha−1 in GR canola reduced volunteer flax density from 54 to 3 plants m−2 and seed production from 5,963 to 233 seeds m−2. Similarly, the recommended rate of POST glufosinate (600 g ai ha−1) alone effectively controlled volunteer flax and reduced flax seed viability to < 8% and AP to 0.2%. A combination of preplant (glyphosate) and POST (glufosinate) at recommended rates reduced volunteer flax seed production, yield, and AP to near zero in GR canola. Glyphosate applied preplant was equally effective in IR canola, reducing volunteer flax density from 56 to 2 plants m−2, and seed production from 5,571 to 472 seeds m−2. Imazamox + imazethapyr applied POST at all the rates poorly controlled volunteer flax and, even in combination with preplant glyphosate, cannot be recommended for control of flax volunteers in IR canola.

El Linum usitatissimum (linaza) está en proceso de desarrollo para ser considerado como cultivo bio-industrial y nutricional con base a modificaciones genéticas para su uso. Antes de que el genéticamente modificado (GM) Linum usitatissimum sea liberado comercialmente, se deberían desarrollar prácticas de manejo efectivas que minimicen la presencia adventicia (AP) que pueda afectar posteriormente a otros cultivos. Durante 2007 y 2008, en cuatro localidades de la región central de Alberta se realizó una investigación de campo para cuantificar y mitigar la presencia adventicia (AP) del Linum usitatissimum en cultivos de canola resistente a glufosinato (GR) y a imidazolinonas (IR). Una sola aplicación de glifosato antes de sembrar (PRE-SIEMBRA) en dosis de 1,250 g ae/ha en canola GR, redujo la densidad de Linum usitatissimum de 54 a 3 plantas/m2 y la producción de semilla de 5,963 a 233 semillas/m2. De manera similar, la dosis recomendada de glufosinato (600 g ia/ha) aplicado POST, controló efectivamente a Linum usitatissimum y redujo la viabilidad de la semilla de linaza a < 8% y AP a 0.2%. Una combinación de glifosato (PRE-SIEMBRA) y glufosinato (POST), en las dosis recomendadas, redujo en Linum usitatissimum la producción de semilla, su rendimiento y la AP a casi cero, en cultivos de canola GR. El glifosato aplicado en PRE-SIEMBRA, fue igualmente efectivo en canola IR, y redujo la densidad de Linum usitatissimum de 56 a 2 plantas/m2 y la producción de semilla de 5,571 a 472 semillas/m2. El imazamox más el imazethapyr aplicados POST en todas las dosis, y aún combinados con glifosato en PRE-SIEMBRA, presentaron un pobre control de Linum usitatissimum, por lo que no pueden ser recomendados para controlar a esta planta, en cultivos de canola resistente a imidazolinonas.

Keywords

GlufosinateglyphosateimazamoximazethapyrCanolaBrassica napus L. ‘Invigor 5030’‘45H73-CL’flaxLinum usitatissimum L. ‘CDC Bethune’Cominglingherbicide resistancemitigationseed-mediated gene flowweed
Type
Weed Management—Major Crops
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 24 , Issue 3 , September 2010 , pp. 244 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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