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The sleep macroarchitecture of children at risk for depression recruited in sleep centers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2012

F. Bat-Pitault ,
D. Da Fonseca ,
S. Cortese ,
Y. Le Strat ,
L. Kocher ,
M. Rey ,
J. Adrien ,
C. Deruelle  and
P. Franco
F. Bat-Pitault*
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Unit, Salvator Hospital, Public Assistance'Marseille Hospitals, University Aix-Marseille II, 13009Marseille, France Mediterranean Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, CNRS, 13005Marseille, France
D. Da Fonseca
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Unit, Salvator Hospital, Public Assistance'Marseille Hospitals, University Aix-Marseille II, 13009Marseille, France Mediterranean Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, CNRS, 13005Marseille, France
S. Cortese
Affiliation:
Phyllis Green and Randolph Cowen Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, New York University Child Study Center, NYC, NY, USA
Y. Le Strat
Affiliation:
Department of psychiatry, Louis-Mourier Hospital, 92700Colombes, France
L. Kocher
Affiliation:
Department of Functional Neurology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, 69495Pierre-Bénite cedex, France
M. Rey
Affiliation:
Sleep Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Timone Hospital, 13005Marseille, France
J. Adrien
Affiliation:
U975 Inserm/CNRS/UPMC, centre de recherche de l’institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, faculté de médecine Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013Paris, France
C. Deruelle
Affiliation:
Mediterranean Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, CNRS, 13005Marseille, France
P. Franco
Affiliation:
Pediatric Sleep Unit, Mère-Enfant Hospital, University Lyon1, 69500Bron, France
*
⁎Corresponding author. Tel.: +33 49 17 458 44; fax: +33 49 17 458 45. E-mail address:flora.bat@ap-hm.fr (F. Bat-Pitault).
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Abstract

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to compare the sleep macroarchitecture of children and adolescents whose mothers have a history of depression with children and adolescents whose mothers do not.

Method

Polysomnography (PSG) and Holter electroencephalogram (EEG) were used to compare the sleep architecture of 35 children whose mothers had at least one previous depressive episode (19 boys, aged 4–18 years, “high-risk” group) and 25 controls (13 males, aged 4–18 years, “low-risk” group) whose mothers had never had a depressive episode. The total sleep time, wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), sleep latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings per hour of sleep, percentages of time spent in each sleep stage, rapid eye movement (REM) latency and the depressive symptoms of participants were measured.

Results

In children (4–12 years old), the high-risk group exhibited significantly more depressive symptoms than controls (P = 0.02). However, PSG parameters were not significantly different between high-risk children and controls. In adolescents (13–18 years old), the high-risk subjects presented with significantly more depressive symptoms (P = 0.003), a significant increase in WASO (P = 0.019) and a significant decrease in sleep efficiency compared to controls (P = 0.009).

Conclusion

This study shows that children and adolescents born from mothers with a history of at least one depressive episode had significantly more depressive symptoms than controls. However, only high-risk adolescents presented with concurrent alterations of sleep macroarchitecture.

Keywords

DepressionRisk factorDepressed mothersChildrenAdolescentsSleep
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , March 2013 , pp. 168 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association 2011

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