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What are depressive symptoms in acutely ill patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

R. Schennach ,
M. Riedel ,
M. Obermeier ,
F. Seemüller ,
M. Jäger ,
M. Schmauss ,
G. Laux ,
H. Pfeiffer ,
D. Naber  and
L.G. Schmidt
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R. Schennach*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336München, Germany
M. Riedel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336München, Germany Psychiatric Clinic, Vinzenz-von-Paul-Hospital, Rottweil, Germany
M. Obermeier
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336München, Germany
F. Seemüller
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336München, Germany
M. Jäger
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336München, Germany
M. Schmauss
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Clinic, District Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
G. Laux
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Clinic, Inn-Salzach Hospital, Wasserburg/Inn, Germany
H. Pfeiffer
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Clinic, Isar-Amper Hospital, Munich-Haar, Germany
D. Naber
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
L.G. Schmidt
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
W. Gaebel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
J. Klosterkötter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
I. Heuser
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite Berlin, Campus Benjamin, Franklin, Germany
W. Maier
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
M.R. Lemke
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Alsterdorf Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
E. Rüther
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
S. Klingberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
M. Gastpar
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
H.-J. Möller
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336München, Germany
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 89 5160 5511; fax: +49 89 5160 5728. E-mail address:rebecca.schennach@med.uni-muenchen.de (R. Schennach).
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Abstract

Background:

Aim was to examine depressive symptoms in acutely ill schizophrenia patients on a single symptom basis and to evaluate their relationship with positive, negative and general psychopathological symptoms.

Methods:

Two hundred and seventy-eight patients suffering from a schizophrenia spectrum disorder were analysed within a naturalistic study by the German Research Network on Schizophrenia. Using the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) depressive symptoms were examined and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was applied to assess positive, negative and general symptoms. Correlation and factor analyses were calculated to detect the underlying structure and relationship of the patient’s symptoms.

Results:

The most prevalent depressive symptoms identified were depressed mood (80%), observed depression (62%) and hopelessness (54%). Thirty-nine percent of the patients suffered from depressive symptoms when applying the recommended cut-off of a CDSS total score of > 6 points at admission. Negligible correlations were found between depressive and positive symptoms as well as most PANSS negative and global symptoms despite items on depression, guilt and social withdrawal. The factor analysis revealed that the factor loading with the PANSS negative items accounted for most of the data variance followed by a factor with positive symptoms and three depression-associated factors.

Limitations:

The naturalistic study design does not allow a sufficient control of study results for the effect of different pharmacological treatments possibly influencing the appearance of depressive symptoms.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that depressive symptoms measured with the CDSS are a discrete symptom domain with only partial overlap with positive or negative symptoms.

Keywords

SchizophreniaDepressive symptomsCorrelation analysisFactor analysisCDSS
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 43 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2015

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