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Use of Big Data and Information and Communications Technology in Disasters: An Integrative Review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2018

Jeffrey D. Freeman ,
Brigette Blacker ,
Grace Hatt ,
Sophia Tan ,
Jeremy Ratcliff ,
Thomas B. Woolf ,
Craig Tower  and
Daniel J. Barnett
Jeffrey D. Freeman
Affiliation:
Center for Humanitarian Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Brigette Blacker
Affiliation:
Masters in Public Health Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Grace Hatt
Affiliation:
Masters in Public Health Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Sophia Tan
Affiliation:
Masters in Public Health Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Jeremy Ratcliff
Affiliation:
Program in Public Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
Thomas B. Woolf
Affiliation:
Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Craig Tower
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
Daniel J. Barnett*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to Daniel J. Barnett, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, 615 North Wolfe Street Room E7036, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 (e-mail: dbarnett@jhsph.edu).
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Abstract

Novel approaches to improving disaster response have begun to include the use of big data and information and communication technology (ICT). However, there remains a dearth of literature on the use of these technologies in disasters. We have conducted an integrative literature review on the role of ICT and big data in disasters. Included in the review were 113 studies that met our predetermined inclusion criteria. Most studies used qualitative methods (39.8%, n=45) over mixed methods (31%, n=35) or quantitative methods (29.2%, n=33). Nearly 80% (n=88) covered only the response phase of disasters and only 15% (n=17) of the studies addressed disasters in low- and middle-income countries. The 4 most frequently mentioned tools were geographic information systems, social media, patient information, and disaster modeling. We suggest testing ICT and big data tools more widely, especially outside of high-income countries, as well as in nonresponse phases of disasters (eg, disaster recovery), to increase an understanding of the utility of ICT and big data in disasters. Future studies should also include descriptions of the intended users of the tools, as well as implementation challenges, to assist other disaster response professionals in adapting or creating similar tools. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:353–367)

Keywords

information communication technologybig datadisastershumanitarian aidpublic health
Type
Systematic Review
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 13 , Issue 2 , April 2019 , pp. 353 - 367
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2018 

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