Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c47g7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T16:15:48.794Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Misattributing speech and jumping to conclusions: A longitudinal study in people at high risk of psychosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

T.T. Winton-Brown ,
M.R. Broome ,
P. Allen ,
I. Valli ,
O. Howes ,
P.A. Garety ,
L.C. Johns  and
P. McGuire
T.T. Winton-Brown*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 67, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
M.R. Broome
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 67, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
P. Allen
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 67, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
I. Valli
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 67, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
O. Howes
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 67, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
P.A. Garety
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
L.C. Johns
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
P. McGuire
Affiliation:
Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, PO Box 67, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 20 7848 0970; fax: +44 20 7848 0976. E-mail address:toby.winton-brown@kcl.ac.uk (T.T. Winton-Brown).
Get access

Abstract

Biases in cognition such as Jumping to Conclusions (JTC) and Verbal Self-Monitoring (VSM) are thought to underlie the formation of psychotic symptoms. This prospective study in people with an At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for psychosis examined how these cognitive biases changed over time, and predicted clinical and functional outcomes. Twenty-three participants were assessed at clinical presentation and a mean of 31 months later. Performance on a JTC and VSM tasks were measured at both time points. Relationships to symptom severity, level of function and the incidence of psychotic disorder were then examined. The levels of symptoms, function and VSM all improved over time, while JTC was stable. Five participants (22%) developed a psychotic disorder during the follow-up period, but the risk of transition was not related to performance on either task at baseline, or to longitudinal changes in task performance. JTC performance correlated with symptom severity at baseline and follow-up. Similarly, performance on the two tasks was not related to the level of functioning at follow-up. Thus, while the ARMS is associated with both VSM and JTC biases, neither predict the onset of psychosis or the overall functional outcome.

Keywords

PsychosisCognitive biasesJumping to ConclusionsVerbal Self-MonitoringAt Risk Mental State
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 32 - 37
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2015

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

Dr Johns and Prof McGuire contributed equally to this work.

References

Allen, P, Aleman, A, McGuire, PKInner speech models of auditory verbal hallucinations: evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies. Int Rev Psychiatry 2007;19:407–415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broome, MR, Johns, LC, Valli, I, Woolley, JB, Tabraham, P, Brett, C, et al.Delusion formation and reasoning biases in those at clinical high risk for psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2007;51:s38–s42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brunelin, JT, d’Amato, T, Brun, P, Bediou, B, Kallel, L, Senn, M, et al.Impaired verbal source monitoring in schizophrenia: an intermediate trait vulnerability marker?. Schizophr Res 2007;89(1–3):287–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caldecott-Hazard, S, Hall, RCWA modified GAF Scale. Psychiatr Serv 1994;45:611–612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carrión, RE, McLaughlin, D, Goldberg, TE, Auther, AM, Olsen, RH, Olvet, DM, et al.Prediction of functional outcome in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. JAMA Psychiatry 2013;70:1133–1142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fear, CF, Healy, DProbabilistic reasoning in obsessive-compulsive and delusional disorders. Psychol Med 1997;27(1):199–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fine, CM, Gardner, M, Craigie, J, Gold, IHopping, skipping or jumping to conclusions? Clarifying the role of the JTC bias in delusions. Cognit Neuropsychiatry 2007;12(1):46–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, D, Pugh, K, Garety, PJumping to conclusions and paranoid ideation in the general population. Schizophr Res 2008;102(1–3):254–260.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
French, P, Shryane, N, Bentall, RP, Lewis, SW, Morrison, APEffects of cognitive therapy on the longitudinal development of psychotic experiences in people at high risk of developing psychosis. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 2007;51:s82–s87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fusar-poli, P, Bonoldi, I, Yung, AR, Borgwardt, S, Kempton, MJ, Valmaggia, L, et al.Predicting psychosis: meta-analysis of transition outcomes in individuals at high clinical risk. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012;69:220–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fusar-Poli, P, Byrne, M, Badger, S, Valmaggia, LR, McGuire, PKOutreach and support in south London (OASIS), 2001–2011: ten years of early diagnosis and treatment for young individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis. Eur Psychiatry 2013;28:315–326.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garety, PA, Freeman, DThe past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable. Br J Psychiatry 2013 [In Press].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garety, PA, Hemsley, DR, Wessley, SReasoning in deluded schizophrenic and paranoid patients. Biases in performance on a probabilistic inference task. J Nerv Ment Disord 1991;179(4):194–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garety, PA, Bebbington, P, Fowler, D, Freeman, D, Kuipers, EImplications for neurobiological research of cognitive models of psychosis: a theoretical paper. Psychol Med 2007;37(10):1377–1391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huq, SF, Garety, PA, Hemsley, DRProbabilistic judgements in deluded and non-deluded participants. Q J Exp Psychol 1988;A40(4):801–812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johns, LC, McGuire, PKVerbal self-monitoring and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. The Lancet 1999;353(9151):469–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johns, LC, Rossell, S, Frith, C, Ahmad, F, Hemsley, D, Kuipers, E, et al.Verbal self-monitoring and auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2001;31(4):705–715.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, LC, Gregg, L, Vythelingum, N, McGuire, PKEstablishing the reliability of a verbal self-monitoring paradigm. Psychopathology 2003;36(6):299–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, LC, Gregg, L, Allen, P, McGuire, PKImpaired verbal self-monitoring in psychosis: effects of state, trait and diagnosis. Psychol Med 2006;36(4):465–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johns, LC, Allen, P, Valli, I, Winton-Brown, T, Broome, M, Woolley, J, et al.Impaired verbal self-monitoring in individuals at high risk of psychosis. Psychol Med 2010;40:1433–1442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, SR, Fiszbein, A, Opfer, LAThe positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987;13(2):261–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, A, Nelson, B, Yung, ARAt-risk” for psychosis research: where are we heading?. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2012;21:329–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, A, Wood, SJ, Yung, ARMeasuring psychosocial outcome is good. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2013;26:138–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linney, YM, Peters, ER, Ayton, PReasoning biases in delusion-prone individuals. Br J Clin Psychol 1998;37(Pt 3):285–302, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9784884.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menon, MR, Mizrahi, R, Kapur, SJumping to conclusions’ and delusions in psychosis: relationship and response to treatment. Schizophr Res 2008;98(1–3):225–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moritz, S, Woodward, TSJumping to conclusions in delusional and non-delusional schizophrenic patients. Br J Clin Psychol 2005;44(Pt 2):193–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, E, Garety, PCognitive functioning in delusions: a longitudinal analysis. Behav Res Ther 2006;44(4):481–514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peters, ER, Joseph, SA, Garety, PAMeasurement of delusional ideation in the normal population: introducing the PDI (Peters et al. Delusions inventory). Schizophr Bull 1999;25(3):553–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
So, SH, Garety, PA, et al.”Do antipsychotics improve reasoning biases? A review“. Psychosom Med 2010;72(7):681–693. [published by Lippincott Wiliams and Wilkins, Tampa Florida USA].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
So, SH, Freeman, D, Dunn, G, Kapur, S, Kuipers, E, Bebbington, P, et al.Jumping to conclusions, a lack of belief flexibility and delusional conviction in psychosis: a longitudinal investigation of the structure, frequency, and relatedness of reasoning biases. J Abnorm Psychol 2012;121:129–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Dael, FD, Versmissen, D, Janssen, I, Myin-Germeys, I, van Os, J, Krabbendam, LData gathering: biased in psychosis?. Schizophr Bull 2006;32(2):341–351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van der Gaag, MA neuropsychiatric model of biological and psychological processes in the remission of delusions and auditory hallucinations. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2006;32(Supplement 1):S113–S122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waters, F, Waters, F, Woodward, T, Woodward, T, Allen, P, Allen, P, et al.Self-recognition deficits in schizophrenia patients with auditory hallucinations: a meta-analysis of the literature. Schizophr Bull 2012;38:741–750.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yung, AR, Phillips, LJ, McGorry, PD, Jackson, HJ, Francey, S, McFarlane, CA, et al.Prediction of psychosis. A step towards indicated prevention of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1998;172(33):14–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yung, AR, Phillips, LJ, Francey, SM, Yuen, HP, McGorry, PD, Hallgren, M, et al.Psychosis prediction: 12-month follow-up of a high-risk (“prodromal”) group. Schizophr Res 2003;60:21–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yung, AR, Yuen, HP, Berger, G, Francey, S, Hung, TC, Nelson, B, et al.Declining transition rate in ultra high risk (prodromal) services: dilution or reduction of risk?. Schizophr Bull 2007;33(3):673–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yung, AR, Nelson, B, Thompson, A, Wood, SJThe psychosis threshold in Ultra High Risk (prodromal) research: is it valid?. Schizophr Res 2010;120:1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.