Chapter 13 proposes a monetary system to enable human survival on planet Earth.

Chapter 9 begins with a review of the contribution of talk to maintaining homeostasis through “small talk” and other forms of “grooming,” both as a response to complex social structure and in facilitating social cooperation. It discusses the role of talk in forward projection of group-level representations, and the role of forward projection of a conversation topic in sustaining and managing conversations. It discusses the role of both physical constraints and social constraints such as politeness norms and facework in shaping the structure of conversation practices. It discusses the fine structure of conversation, in which the interpretations of utterances are confirmed or revised by subsequent utterances and the macro-structure of conversation (beginnings, turn-taking, topics, and closure).

Chapter 10 focuses on representatations and warranties made by parties in IP agreements, as well as liability-allocation mechanisms such as indemnification. The chapter begins by discussing warranties of title (Loew’s v. Wolff) and general “corporate” warranties, then addresses warranties relating to performance (including malicious computer code) and remedial procedures. Disclaimers, exclusions from liabilty for consequential and indirect damages, and limitations of liability are also addressed. the chapter next discusses IP indemnification clauses, including a detailed analysis of the drafting and negotiation of such clauses (So. Cal. Gas v. Syntellect). It concludes with a discussion of insurance requirements and clauses.

In 2019, the Museum of Black Civilizations was inaugurated by President Macky Sall. The concept for this museum had been launched by President Senghor during the First World Festival of Negro Arts in 1966. More than 50 years later, the museum finally opened its doors. Its timely opening made headlines across the world as it coincided with a global debate on the restitution to the countries of origin of objects illicitly acquired under colonial rule. Funded by the Republic of China, the Museum of Black Civilizations offered itself as a recipient for the restitution of 100 objects collected on Senegal’s territory. This chapter discusses the realization both of Senghor’s concept for a museum of Black Civilizations in the twenty-first century and of a project for the recuperation of African civilization. Through an analysis of its programme and exhibitions, the chapter examines how the museum decolonizes the concept of the museum by focusing on its exhibition of Abrahamic religions, as well as on the sabre of El Hadj Oumar Tall, an object that the Restitution Report advised should be a priority for return. Analysing the museum’s politics of restitution and repair, it frames the museum’s concept of Blackness as a technique to repair the legacies of race science.

The Introduction situates the book’s themes in three different debates. First, it situates the question of Senegal’s decolonization in a debate about non-national futures as they were imagined by Negritude and Pan-African thinkers at the time of decolonization. Although these non-national futures have now become unthinkable, this book demonstrates that they are remembered as futures past in Senegal’s colonial heritage sites. Second, it situates the interpretation of Senegal’s cultural heritage in a debate about the legacy of Léopold Sédar Senghor’s Negritude. Senegal’s politics of heritagization are indebted to the Negritude philosophy of Senegal’s first president, whose politics of heritage were aimed at the reclamation of African dignity and respect, promising liberation through recuperation. Hence, this book situates the reclamation of African heritage in a temporality of return and frames cultural heritage as a technique of repair. Third, it situates the reclamation of African heritage in debates about world heritage, arguing that Senghor’s archiving project and support for UNESCO’s World Heritage List constituted parallel heritage projects pointing towards the decolonization of world heritage. The book posits that decolonization as envisioned by UNESCO and Senghor is a project to repair the traumas of modernity.

This chapter traces the history of repair. Beginning with the earliest human tools, like hand axes and spears, repair techniques evolved to keep pace with technology. In industrial era, the introduction of interchangeable parts promised to make repair easier and more reliable than ever before. But over the course of the twentieth century, manufacturers realized that product durability often wasn’t in their economic self interest. So they found ways to induce consumption and discourage repair. As early as the 1920s, firms were exploring the strategies that would eventually become known as “planned obsolescence.” By the 1950s, those techniques were cornerstones of the consumer economy.

This chapter considers how the set of tools provided by consumer protection law can push back on repair restrictions. Consumer protection law is designed, in part, to ensure the accuracy of information in the marketplace. But even in absence of outright deception, it recognizes the need to prohibit unfair practices that take advantage of the natural information asymmetries that sellers enjoy. It also offers remedies when products fail to live up to minimal, baseline guarantees of quality. Although consumer protection cases rarely lead to dramatic, structural remedies, the law profoundly influences marketplace behavior and can improve the day-to-day experiences of consumers seeking repair.

This chapter considers three sets of concrete benefits that flow from repair. First, repair helps consumers save money by extending the lifespan of products and fostering secondary markets. Second, repair lessens the massive environmental burden of modern consumerism, from the extraction of natural resources to the eventual disposal of the devices we buy. Finally, repair helps us grow and flourish as people. Through repair, we become better informed about the world around us, develop analytical and problem-solving skills, exercise greater autonomy, and build stronger communities.

This chapter introduces the threats to product longevity and durability created by legal frameworks and product design decisions that shift power from consumers to device makers. In contrast to earlier generations of technology, today’s devices—from smartphones and headphones to medical and agricultural equipment—are designed to be replaced, not repaired.

This chapter outlines the sophisticated array of strategies and techniques that today’s device makers have developed to discourage and obstruct repair. Firms rely on product design, economic manipulation, and consumer persuasion to steer us away from repair and keep us buying new devices year after year. They use hardware and software design to erect practical barriers to repair. They charge unnecessarily high prices for repair or refuse to fix products at all. At the same time, they deny independent repair providers access to parts and tools necessary to meet consumer demand. And through subtle and explicit messaging, they discourage consumers from even attempting repairs.

This chapter describes how device makers try to leverage intellectual property (IP) rights to restrict repair and why those assertions are, as a general rule, inconsistent with a proper understanding of the law. IP—in the form of copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets—offers manufacturers an arsenal of weapons in the war on repair. From a practical perspective, IP law allows firms to credibly threaten to enjoin, silence, and ultimately bankrupt anyone with the audacity to repair a product without permission. That’s true despite the fact that IP claims against consumers and repair providers rest on questionable legal foundations.

This chapter considers the role antitrust law can play in safeguarding repair markets and, along with them, the interests of competitors and consumers. While IP law may grants device makers power over their products, antitrust and competition law are designed to impose limits on exclusionary behavior. As a result, they serve as potential bulwarks against tactics that would impede repair. Despite significant doctrinal and policy hurdles to enforcement, antitrust law can help discipline firms that attempt to capture markets for the repair of vehicles, electronics, and appliances that account for hundreds of billions of dollars in annual revenue.

"This chapter considers the role of institutions in re-building trust and connection for families in exile. It introduces the evolutionary evidence that human beings are co-operative breeders and that, as a result, the need to belong and connect to communities or groups is central for human flourishing. It draws on reflections on the experiences of refugees, which are shaped by the destruction of human connectedness. In this context, the chapter explores the role of the institutions and service providers who come in contact with refugee people and families. It discusses the approaches systems create to re-build trust and connection in the post-trauma phase and argues that these approaches can indeed lead to the re-building and re-making of trust, but that they can also create a re-enacting and re-breaking of trust and connectedness. Thus, it is useful to explore frameworks and principles that may assist in shaping approaches so that relational repair, and not further rupture, can occur. In the final section, the chapter recommends therapeutic practices for practitioners to consider when doing the work of re-building trust for refugee families."