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2 results

  • 4 - Rule Composition and Rule Ordering
  • Gregory Stump, University of Kentucky
  • Book: Morphotactics
  • Published online: 24 November 2022
  • Print publication: 08 December 2022, pp 113-140
  • View extract

    Summary

    I discuss different kinds of deviation from the parallel sequence criterion; I illustrate with detailed examples from Fula, Udmurt, and Eastern Mari. In Fula verb inflection, rules of subject and object marking involve a default applicational sequence that is overridden in specific circumstances by the opposite sequence of application; this deviation can by modeled by postulating two patterns of rule composition, one realizing the default sequence and the other overriding that default. Udmurt noun inflection is different, since it involves two patterns of rule composition that do not stand in a default/override relation but are instead simply complementary. Nevertheless, the Fula evidence and the Udmurt evidence both conform to the unique sequence criterion. The declensional morphology of Eastern Mari, by contrast, deviates from that criterion, since it allows alternative acceptable sequences of rule application; in the rule-combining approach to morphotactics, these can be seen as involving alternative patterns of rule composition realizing the same morphosyntactic content.

  • Trees in Udmurt religion
  • Nadezhda Shutova
  • Journal: Antiquity / Volume 80 / Issue 308 / 1 June 2006
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2015, pp. 318-327
  • Print publication: 1 June 2006
  • View extract

    Prehistorians and early historic archaeologists often puzzle over seemingly random distributions of artefacts remote from settlements. Here is at least one possible explanation. Using ethnographic and archaeological evidence the author reveals how an early historic people of central Russia used trees in their religion, and describes some of the meanings that lay behind their rituals.