Background and Purpose: We examined the efficacy of the antioxidant LY231617 administered five hours following middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in rats. Methods: The treatment was contrived for a two hour interval. Group A (n=16) was left untreated. Group B (n=16) received an intravenous infusion of LY231617. Group C (n=6) received saline (86 μI/min) by retrograde infusion of the cerebral vein (RICV). Group D (n=22) was administered LY231617 (10mg/kg/2hr) in saline (86μI/min) by RICV. Local cerebral blood flow with [14C]-iodoantipyrine and blood-brain transfer constant with 14C-α-amino-isobutyric acid were examined. Early ischemic damage was histologically examined with cresyl violet and Luxol fast blue and with triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride. Results: The results revealed a marked increase in local cerebral blood flow (over 600%, p < 0.01) after RICV with LY231617, with a significant improvement of BBB permeability in rats from group D. Ischemic brain damage measured with Luxol fast blue and triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride methods showed a significant improvement (50-91 %) of ischemic damage in group D, as compared to groups B and C. Conclusion: Retrograde infusion of the cerebral vein with LY231617 resulted in a significant amelioration at seven hours post MCA occlusion.

This paper presents mechanical characteristics of sputtered Al-Si-Cu film used as a structural material in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Novel tensile test technique with an elongation measurement image analysis system has been developed. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at temperatures ranging from room temperature (R.T.) to 358 K. No specimen-size effect on Young's modulus, yield stress, and fracture strength, was found, whereas the annealing and temperature effects were clearly observed. To study mechanical degradation mechanism, cyclic loading tests were conducted under constant stress- and strain-amplitude modes. In constant stress-amplitude mode, stain amplitude increased with an increase of loading cycles due to creep-like deformation. Almost of the specimens fractured during the tests. Meanwhile, in constant strain-amplitude mode, stress amplitude gradually decreased with increasing cycles due to stress-relaxation, but no fatigue failure was observed.

New process for the preparation of Fe-Pt nanowires has been developed through anodic oxidation and electro deposition technique. Aluminum thin film sputtered on ITO thin film on a glass surface was decomposed into alumina by anodic oxidation technique. The anodic alumina layer possessed nanometer size pore array standing on the glass surface. The barrier layer at the bottom of nanopores was removed by acid etching to attain DC field smooth electro deposition. Fe-Pt components were introduced into nanopores of anodic alumina by electro deposition. The magnetization of Fe-Pt nanowires was investigated. The magnetization perpendicular to the glass surface was very strong and the in-plane magnetization was very small, indicating that the magnetic Fe-Pt nanowires could be potentially applied to ultra high density magnetic recording. The density of the nanowires was estimated to be about 1T bits /inch2.

One of the most common methods for obtaining water repellent surfaces is spreading fluoropolymer or fluoroalkylsilane onto substrates. However, this method is not applicable to low heat-resistant substrates such as plastics, since after spreading, the method requires a heating process which is generally conducted at a temperature of about 600K. The objective of this study is the preparation of ultra water-repellent and optically transparent thin films at low temperatures below 373K. The films were deposited by means of microwave plasma enhanced plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) using organosilane, that is, trimethylmethoxysilane (TMMOS) as a source with adding Ar, CO2, N2, O2 or air as an excitation gas. Under optimized preparation conditions, films with water contact angles more than 150 degrees and optical transparencies more than 90% were successfully fabricated.

One of the most important results of the IRAS survey is the discovery of a class of “Luminous Infrared Galaxies” (LIGs), which emit most of the energy in the infrared and are the dominant population in the local universe at luminosities above 1011L⊙ (e.g., Sanders & Mirabel 1996). All LIGs appear to be extremely rich in molecular gas, and many of them show evidence of recent interacting/merging activities. Hence it is now accepted that strong interactions of gas-rich galaxies triggers large central concentration of molecular gas, and makes optimal conditions for both enormous nuclear starbursts and building and/or fueling AGN. Actually, various observations show evidence of starburst activity as well as that of AGN in many LIGs (Sanders & Mirabel 1996).

The potentiality of hydrous TiIV-Si oxide (TS) and hydrous TiIV-Zr oxide (TZ) for the selective sorption and immobilization of radioactive Co2+, Eu3+, Th4+ and UO22+ ions has been studied experimentally: The distribution coefficients and sorption capacity for these ions at various conditions in solutions, the structure and the composition of the exchangers in relevant ionic forms at high temperatures, and the leaching rates from the calcined exchangers into water and 0.01M HNO3 solution at room temperature. These results were discussed together with the results previously obtained for Cs+ and St2+, in order to evaluate the performance of TS and TZ as solidification media for radioactive liquid waste. TS takes up these cations more than TZ does in acidic solutions due to the higher acidity of the exchange site. In TZ, transition metal ions show high affinity despite the small distribution coefficients for representative metal ions. The dissolution of Co2+, Eu3+, and Th4+ is very slow from both calcined exchangers due to the crystallization of titanates of these cations. The leaching rates of Cs+, St2+ and UO22+ from calcined TS are much slower than those from TZ, indicating the formation of titanium silicate containing these cations. Based on these results, TS is considered to be superior to TZ in the sorption capacity and fixation capability of various kinds of radionuclides and is considered as a promising material for the solidification of radwaste.

The diffusion rates of Na+ and Cs+ in two types of hydrous titanium(IV) oxide, precipitated at pH 6 (exchanger A) and pH 13 (exchanger B), were determined radiochemically. The rate of Cs+ in exchanger A is faster than that of Na+; diffusion coefficients are 4.9xl0-11 and 1.9xl0-11 m2 s-1 for Cs+ and Na+, respectively (pH 12, 5.0 °C). The activation energy for Cs+ diffusion is 21 kJ mol-1 and slightly smaller than that for Na+ diffusion, 29 kJ mol-1. The rates of these ions in exchanger B are much slower than those in exchanger A, and can be explained by assuming the existence of two kinds of independently diffusing ions (fast and slow species) in the exchanger. The diffusion coefficients are of the order of 10-12 and 10-13 m2 s-1 for the fast and the slow species, respectively. The activation energies are 48–60 kJ mol-1 for Na+ diffusion and 32–33 kJ mol-1 for Cs+ diffusion (pH 12). The marked difference in kinetics between two exchangers was interpreted in terms of the difference in the acid-base property and in the microstructure of the matrix.

Rayleigh surface wave velocities in Ag/Cr and Au/Cr metallic superlattices have been measured by Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. These metallic superlattices were prepared by the metal-MBE method. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that the structures of Ag/Cr and Au/Cr superlattices were almost the same. In the Au/Cr superlattices a maximum in a plot of surface wave velocities as a function of the bilayer thickness was observed. On the contrary, a distinct dip was shown in Ag/Cr systems. This anomalous behavior of the sound velocity could not be attributed to the expansion and the contraction of the lattices. Differences in atomic scale structure in the interface seem to play a major role in these systems.

The results of x-ray diffraction, resistivity and magnetization measurements of Ag/Cr metallic superlattices are presented. Dramatic changes in the interplanar distances of Ag and Cr were found as a function of the number of Cr monolayers in a period. The resistivities of the superlattices increased as the composition of Cr increased. Magnetization measurements show that the superlattice [Ag(10ML)/Cr(2ML)] exibits a maximum magnetic susceptibility.