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29 results

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  • 15 - Politics and the engaged intellectual
    • from Part III - ETHICS AND POLITICS
  • Edited by Steven Churchill, Jack Reynolds, La Trobe University, Australia
  • Book: Jean-Paul Sartre
  • Published by: Acumen Publishing
  • Published online: 05 March 2014
  • Print publication: 30 September 2013, pp 173-183
  • View extract

    Summary

    Having been relatively apolitical during the early stages of his career – he spent a fellowship year in Berlin soon after Hitler's appointment as German Chancellor without showing much apparent interest in what was beginning to take place in the political realm – Sartre became, in the years following the Second World War, the quintessential public intellectual. The chronology of his path is well documented, and it is intertwined with the evolution of his philosophy. In this chapter, that path will be quickly retraced, with brief pauses at some of its most salient markers.

    Sartre's path to political engagement

    Sartre had a fairly strong sense of identification with his generation; he was not alone in regarding it, in retrospect, as the “between the wars generation”. His studies dominated his life in the years immediately following the First World War, and he then performed eighteen months of military service, compulsory for French males, as a meteorologist. His first career appointment was at the lycée in Le Havre, where he taught philosophy for several years before and after his time in Germany. Meanwhile, he was undertaking various writing ventures, with mixed success, including the ongoing rewriting of the novel, eventually entitled Nausea, which, when finally published in 1938, brought him considerable acclaim. Little by little, political realities began increasingly to impinge on his consciousness and his life.

  • 3 - Existentialism as a cultural movement
    • from II - Existentialism in Historical Perspective
  • Edited by Steven Crowell, Rice University, Houston
  • Book: The Cambridge Companion to Existentialism
  • Published online: 28 March 2012
  • Print publication: 16 February 2012, pp 50-70
  • View extract

    Summary

    WHO OR WHAT IS AN EXISTENTIALIST?

    Few if any other modern Western philosophical movements have had as strong an impact on the general culture as has existentialism. The epicenter of this impact was certainly Paris, especially the Latin Quarter of Paris, and the time of maximum intensity was the period following the end of the Second World War, during which Paris had been under German occupation. But of course there had been existentialist stirrings, at least some of which had had broader cultural influence beyond the world of philosophy, in other places and long before that time, and there would be existentialist waves of extended cultural influence in many other countries for years to come, arguably right up to the present time. It would be impossible to track down and catalogue all of these earlier and later impacts; and any such enterprise would be burdened from the start by disagreements concerning just which cultural tendencies were “really” influenced by existentialism and to what degree, as well as by the question of just which of the various “existentialisms” were of greater importance in such-and-such an instance. After all, both “existentialism” and “culture” are concepts with exceedingly vague edges.

    The nature of this difficulty can perhaps most easily be seen if we focus our attention initially on the immediate post-war Paris scene to which I have referred, on the highly diverse currents that were operative even within that comparatively small “epicenter” within just a few years' time. A recounting of the interaction of a few of these currents will at the same time offer insights into just how strongly existentialism influenced the society in question and into something of the nature of that influence.

  • 14 - Jean-Paul Sartre: ???in the soup???
  • Edited by Catherine H. Zuckert, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
  • Book: Political Philosophy in the Twentieth Century
  • Published online: 05 June 2012
  • Print publication: 29 August 2011, pp 215-227
  • View abstract

    Summary

    Jean-Paul Sartre wrote several significant essays dealing with and criticizing colonialism and neocolonialism, the most enduringly famous being no doubt his provocative preface to Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth, published in 1961 when the French government was still asserting its sovereignty over Fanon's adopted land of Algeria. Sartre accepted his invitation and wrote a forthright tour dʾhorizon, taking as its initial focus what Continental European philosophers sometimes call "philosophical anthropology": the question, treated by Sartre as a methodological one, of how to understand human behavior in a social context. Seriality is characteristic not only of early human societies, however, but is to be found in many contemporary situations as well: Sartre gives us, for example, some unforgettable descriptions of commuters queuing for a bus; of citizens listening impotently, in millions of homes, to a government-controlled radio station; of the functioning of the stock market; and the like.
  • 11 - Mechanical ventilation in patients with blast, burn and chest trauma injuries
  • Edited by Iain Mackenzie
  • Book: Core Topics in Mechanical Ventilation
  • Published online: 14 October 2009
  • Print publication: 30 October 2008, pp 210-221
  • View abstract

    Summary

    The recent increase in terrorist bomb attacks on urban civilian targets in Europe and the USA has emphasized the need for all relevant health provision team members to become familiar with the pathophysiology and treatment of the resulting injuries. This chapter focuses on blast injuries, considers recent advances in ventilation strategies for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and describes how this has been applied in the treatment of the severe blast injuries patient. Smoke, hot gas, or chemical inhalation injury are the most common cause of acute deterioration in lung function in burn injury patients and should always be suspected. Pulmonary contusion is a common lesion occurring in patients sustaining severe blunt chest trauma. The diagnosis of traumatic lung injury is usually made clinically with confirmation by chest radiography. Blunt thoracic trauma can result in significant morbidity in injured patients.
  • Do Production Contracts Raise Farm Productivity? An Instrumental Variables Approach
  • Nigel Key, William D. McBride
  • Journal: Agricultural and Resource Economics Review / Volume 37 / Issue 2 / October 2008
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 September 2016, pp. 176-187
  • Print publication: October 2008
  • View abstract

    Estimating how the use of production contracts affects farm productivity is difficult when unobservable factors are correlated with both the decision to contract and productivity. To account for potential selection bias, this study uses the local availability of production contracts as an instrument for whether a farm uses a contract in order to estimate the impact of contract use on total factor productivity. Results indicate that use of a production contract is associated with a large increase in productivity for feeder-to-finish hog farms in the United States. The instrumental variable method makes it credible to assert that the observed association is a causal relationship rather than simply a correlation.

  • Defining and Characterizing Approaches to Farm Management
  • William D. McBride, James D. Johnson
  • Journal: Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics / Volume 38 / Issue 1 / April 2006
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 April 2015, pp. 155-167
  • Print publication: April 2006
  • View abstract

    Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify approaches to farm management based on a list of management questions posed to a sample of U.S. cash-grain farmers. Three approaches were identified by the factor analysis: price negotiation, long-term cost control, and input adjustment. Estimated factor scores regressed against farm and operator characteristics indicate a profile of producers using each approach that is closely related to stage-of-life of the farm operator and farm business. In addition to operator age and planning horizon, operator risk preference and farm organization and location were other important determinants of the approach to management.

  • Benzodiazepines: time for reassessment
  • D. D. R. Williams, Andrew McBride
  • Journal: The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 173 / Issue 5 / November 1998
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018, pp. 361-362
  • Print publication: November 1998
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