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23 results

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  • Overview and risk factors for postcraniotomy surgical site infection: A four-year experience

  • Cristina Corsini Campioli, Douglas Challener, Isin Y. Comba, Aditya Shah, Walter R. Wilson, M. Rizwan Sohail, Jamie J. Van Gompel, John C. O’Horo
  • Journal:
    Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 January 2022, e14
    • Article
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      • Open access
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  • Objective:

    Despite evidence favoring perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) use in patients undergoing craniotomy to reduce rates of surgical site infections (SSIs), standardized protocols are lacking. We describe demographic characteristics, risk factors, and ABP choice in patients with craniotomy complicated with SSI.

    Design:

    Retrospective case series from January 1, 2017, through December 31, 2020.

    Setting:

    Tertiary-care referral center.

    Patients:

    Adults who underwent craniotomy and were diagnosed with an SSI.

    Methods:

    Logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to identify factors associated with SSIs.

    Results:

    In total, 5,328 patients undergoing craniotomy were identified during the study period; 59 (1.1%) suffered an SSI. Compared with non-SSI cases, patients with SSI had a significantly higher frequency of emergency procedures: 13.5% versus 5.8% (P = .02; odds ratio [OR], 2.52; 95% confidene interval [CI], 1.10–5.06; P = .031). Patients with SSI had a higher rate of a dirty (5.1% vs 0.9%) and lower rate of clean-contaminated (3.3% vs 14.5%) wound class than those without infection (P = .002). Nearly all patients received ABP before craniotomy (98.3% in the SSI group vs 99.6% in the non-SSI group; P = .10). Combination of vancomycin and cefazolin as dual therapy was more prevalent in the group of patients without infection (n = 1,761, 34.1%) than those with SSI (n = 4, 6.8%) (P < .001), associated with decreased odds for SSI (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.005–0.42; P ≤ .001).

    Conclusions:

    SSI are frequently seen after an emergent neurosurgical procedure and a dirty wound classification. Combination of prophylactic cefazolin and vancomycin is associated with decreased risk for SSI.

  • β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid reduces markers of exercise-induced muscle damage and improves recovery in resistance-trained men

  • Jacob M. Wilson, Ryan P. Lowery, Jordan M. Joy, Joe A. Walters, Shawn M. Baier, John C. Fuller, Jr, Jeffrey R. Stout, Layne E. Norton, Eric M. Sikorski, Stephanie M. C. Wilson, Nevine M. Duncan, Nelo E. Zanchi, John Rathmacher
  • Journal:
    British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 110 / Issue 3 / 14 August 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 January 2013, pp. 538-544
    Print publication:
    14 August 2013
    • Article
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  • The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of short-term supplementation with the free acid form of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB-FA) on indices of muscle damage, protein breakdown, recovery and hormone status following a high-volume resistance training session in trained athletes. A total of twenty resistance-trained males were recruited to participate in a high-volume resistance training session centred on full squats, bench presses and dead lifts. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 3 g/d of HMB-FA or a placebo. Immediately before the exercise session and 48 h post-exercise, serum creatine kinase (CK), urinary 3-methylhistadine (3-MH), testosterone, cortisol and perceived recovery status (PRS) scale measurements were taken. The results showed that CK increased to a greater extent in the placebo (329 %) than in the HMB-FA group (104 %) (P= 0·004, d= 1·6). There was also a significant change for PRS, which decreased to a greater extent in the placebo (9·1 (sem 0·4) to 4·6 (sem 0·5)) than in the HMB-FA group (9·1 (sem 0·3) to 6·3 (sem 0·3)) (P= 0·005, d= − 0·48). Muscle protein breakdown, measured by 3-MH analysis, numerically decreased with HMB-FA supplementation and approached significance (P= 0·08, d= 0·12). There were no acute changes in plasma total or free testosterone, cortisol or C-reactive protein. In conclusion, these results suggest that an HMB-FA supplement given to trained athletes before exercise can blunt increases in muscle damage and prevent declines in perceived readiness to train following a high-volume, muscle-damaging resistance-training session.

  • Appendix - The Children of Anne de Bretagne

  • With contributions by Diane E. Booton , Elizabeth A. R. Brown , Nicole Hochner , Elizabeth L'Estrange , Michel Nassiet , Michelle Szkilnik , Malcolm Walsby , Lori J. Walters and Kathleen Wilson-Chevalier
  • Edited by Cynthia J. Brown, Professor of French, Department of French and Italian, University of California, Santa Barbara
  • Book:
    The Cultural and Political Legacy of Anne de Bretagne
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    28 April 2017
    Print publication:
    20 May 2010, pp 193-194

  • Summary

    Elizabeth A. R. Brown provides below a list of Anne's children, based on Patrick Van Kerrebrouck, Les Valois (pp. 157–9, 166–7).

    With Charles VIII (30 June 1470–7 April 1498)

    1. Charles-Orland, dauphin of Viennois (10 Oct. 1492–16 Dec. 1495), buried at Saint-Martin of Tours.

    2. Unnamed (Aug. 1493), buried at Notre-Dame of Cléry.

    3. Unnamed (March 1495).

    4. Charles, dauphin of Viennois (8 Sept. 1496–2 Oct. 1496), buried at Saint-Martin of Tours.

    5. François, dauphin of Viennois (1497), buried at Saint-Martin of Tours.

    6. Anne (20 March 1498), buried at Saint-Martin of Tours.

    With Louis XII (27 June 1462–1 Jan. 1515)

    1. Claude, duchess of Brittany, countess of Blois (13 Oct. 1499–20 July 1524), married 18 May 1514 to François, duke of Valois and Milan, count of Angoulême, the future François Ier (12 Sept. 1494–31 March 1547), crowned queen of France 10 May 1517, buried at Saint-Denis.

    2. Unnamed (21 Jan. 1503), perhaps buried at Blois.

    3. Renée, duchess of Chartres, countess of Gisors (25 Oct. 1510–12 June 1575), married 10 Feb. 1528 to Hercule of Este, duke of Ferrara (4 April 1508–3 Oct. 1560); buried at Montargis.

    4. Unnamed (Jan. 1512), perhaps buried at Blois.

The Cultural and Political Legacy of Anne de Bretagne
  • Negotiating Convention in Books and Documents
  • With contributions by Diane E. Booton , Elizabeth A. R. Brown , Nicole Hochner , Elizabeth L'Estrange , Michel Nassiet , Michelle Szkilnik , Malcolm Walsby , Lori J. Walters and Kathleen Wilson-Chevalier
  • Edited by Cynthia J. Brown
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    28 April 2017
    Print publication:
    20 May 2010
  • As duchess of Brittany [1491-1514] and twice queen of France [1491-98; 1498-1514], Anne de Bretagne set a benchmark by which to measure the status of female authority in Europe at the dawn of the Renaissance. Although at times a traditional political pawn, when men who ruled her life were involved in reshaping European alliances, Anne was directly or indirectly involved with the principal political and religious European leaders of her time and helped define the cultural landscape of her era.
    Taking a variety of cross-disciplinary perspectives, these ten essays by art historians, literary specialists, historians, and political scientists contribute to the ongoing discussion of Anne de Bretagne and seek to prompt further investigations into her cultural and political impact. At the same time, they offer insight of a broader nature into related areas of intellectual interest - patronage, the history of the book, the power and definition of queenship and the interpretation of politico-cultural documents and court spectacles - thereby confirming the extensive nature of Anne's legacy.

    CYNTHIA J. BROWN is Professor of French at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

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