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33 results

Page 1 of 2

  • Prakash Sarvotham Shetty (1943–2018)
  • Paul Trayhurn, W. Philip T. James
  • Journal: Journal of Nutritional Science / Volume 7 / 2018
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 November 2018, e28
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  • A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: implications for limits on sugars consumption
  • Aubrey Sheiham, W Philip T James
  • Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 17 / Issue 10 / October 2014
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 June 2014, pp. 2176-2184
  • Print publication: October 2014
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    Objective

    To examine the quantitative relationship between sugar intake and the progressive development of dental caries.

    Design

    A critical in-depth review of international studies was conducted. Methods included reassessing relevant studies from the most recent systematic review on the relationship between levels of sugars and dental caries. Reanalysis of dose–response relationships between dietary sugars and caries incidence in teeth with different levels of caries susceptibility in children was done using data from Japanese studies conducted by Takeuchi and co-workers.

    Setting

    Global, with emphasis on marked differences in both national sugar intake and fluoride use and preferably where one factor such as sugar intake changed progressively without changes in other factors over a decade or more.

    Subjects

    Children aged 6 years or more and adults.

    Results

    Caries occurred in both resistant and susceptible teeth of children when sugar intakes were only 2–3 % of energy intake, provided that the teeth had been exposed to sugars for >3 years. Despite increased enamel resistance after tooth eruption, there was a progressive linear increase in caries throughout life, explaining the higher rates of caries in adults than in children. Fluoride affects progression of caries development but there still is a pandemic prevalence of caries in populations worldwide.

    Conclusions

    Previous analyses based on children have misled public health analyses on sugars. The recommendation that sugar intakes should be ≤10 % of energy intake is no longer acceptable. The much greater adult burden of dental caries highlights the need for very low sugar intakes throughout life, e.g. 2–3 % of energy intake, whether or not fluoride intake is optimum.

  • School food in Mexican children
  • Michelle Lozada, Claudia P Sánchez-Castillo, Georgina A Cabrera, Irma I Mata, Edgar Pichardo-Ontiveros, Antonio R Villa, W Philip T James
  • Journal: Public Health Nutrition / Volume 11 / Issue 9 / September 2008
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 September 2008, pp. 924-933
  • Print publication: September 2008
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    Objective

    To establish the school eating habits of Mexican children, who are prone to obesity and later to high rates of adult chronic diseases.

    Design

    Questionnaires for students and parents with staff questionnaires and interviews.

    Setting

    Randomly sampled schools in a socio-economically representative district of Mexico City.

    Subjects

    Subjects were 1504 adolescents aged 10–19 years attending schools in Mexico City, 27 teachers and seven headmasters, sampled from both public and private schools and from the full range of socio-economic groups.

    Results

    Foods brought from home were of a higher nutritional quality than those purchased at school, where purchases were dominated by crisps, soft drinks and other items with high energy density. Girls were more inclined to purchase inappropriately; those from poorer homes purchased less. Private-school students irrespective of socio-economic grade brought more food from home and purchased more expensive food at school. School policies allowed food and drink vendors to market any products within the schools, which benefited financially from these activities.

    Conclusions

    Current school food policies are conducive to amplifying the current epidemic of obesity and related adult chronic diseases, and need to change.