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Focus of the literature on the European West, overlooking the marginalised European Central-East – Assumption of all illiberal states equally resisting international courts – Hungary’s unique subtle push-back against the European Court of Human Rights compared to overt resistance against the European Court of Justice – Empirical analysis of original data – Three strategies to control the narrative of compliance – Status signalling to avoid international and domestic political repercussions – Friendly settlements and unilateral declarations as means of avoidance – Disguised non-compliance to convey bona fides – Negative narrative to subvert public opinion – Explaining state behaviour through rationalism and constructivism – Complementing constructivism with the identitarian counterwave in recently-emerged illiberal states – EU membership as a constraint – Illiberalism as fuel for Hungary’s resistance against the Strasbourg Court

Summary

At the heart of the Chagos Advisory Opinion1 lies paragraph 172, where the International Court of Justice (ICJ) held ‘that heightened scrutiny should be given to the issue of consent in a situation where a part of a non-self-governing territory is separated to create a new colony’. Applying this new and stricter standard for consent, the Court concluded in the very same paragraph that the 1965 detachment of the Chagos Islands from Mauritius, then a colony of the UK, ‘was not based on the free and genuine expression of the will of the people concerned’. Consequently, the Court ruled that the process of decolonisation of Mauritius was not lawfully completed. The Court’s reasoning remains enigmatic; its ruling reminds one of the proverbial ‘black box’ deliberations of a grand jury. The answer the judges provided is clear: the free will of the people was disregarded and consequently the detachment of the Chagos Islands was unlawful. However, the reasons underlying the decision remain opaque.2

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Controlling the Narrative: Hungary’s Post-2010 Strategies of Non-Compliance before the European Court of Human Rights

11 - Heightened Scrutiny of Colonial Consent According to the Chagos Advisory Opinion: Pandora’s Box Reopened?

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Controlling the Narrative: Hungary’s Post-2010 Strategies of Non-Compliance before the European Court of Human Rights

11 - Heightened Scrutiny of Colonial Consent According to the Chagos Advisory Opinion: Pandora’s Box Reopened?

Summary