There is scant research examining both the psychological (individual) and leadership (environmental) influences on older workers. We firstly examine the influence of older workers' mindfulness on their job engagement, job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Secondly, we address effective leadership approaches for older workers, comparing two positive relational leadership styles, leader member exchange and leader autonomy support (LAS). We survey 1,237 participants from 28 organisations in New Zealand and employ structural equation modelling to test our hypotheses using AMOS 24.0. We find that mindful older workers enjoy greater wellbeing and are discerning of the leadership styles that most benefit their engagement, satisfaction and intentions to stay within the organisation. We find that mindfulness has direct importance and LAS has indirect importance on advancing the wellbeing of older workers. Mindful older workers exhibit greater work wellbeing than non-mindful workers, but they also demonstrate greater expectations and discernment of the leadership styles they encounter.

Although there is some evidence that duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is geographically stable, few have examined whether the phenomenon is temporally stable. We examined DUP in two cohorts within two discrete time periods (1995–1999 and 2003–2005) spanning a decade in the same geographically defined community psychiatric service with no early intervention programme. Patients were diagnosed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) and we determined the DUP using the Beiser Scale. The DUP of the 240 participants did not differ significantly between study periods.

Austinite belongs to the adelite mineral group of calcium and lead arsenates, and has the conichalcite/descloizite type of crystal structure. The crystal structure of nearly pure austinite, CaZn(AsO4)OH, was redetermined (R = 0.014) and the absolute configuration identified. The space group P212121 and cell parameters a 7.5092(8), b 9.0438(9), c 5.9343(8) Å match previous data. Zinc octahedra share edges to form chains parallel to c. Arsenic tetrahedra share vertices with the Zn octahedra to generate a compact framework. Calcium square antiprisms share edges to make chains parallel to a that occupy the channels in the zinc-arsenic framework.

Artificial lighting is a significant threat to biodiversity. Although efforts to reduce lighting are crucial for species’ conservation efforts, management is challenging because light at night is integral to modern society and light use is increasing with population and economic growth. The development and evaluation of appropriate light management strategies will require positive public support, and a comprehensive understanding of public engagement with light pollution. This is the first study to examine public engagement with reducing light at night for the protection of a threatened species. A community campaign to reduce artificial light use was initiated in 2008 to protect marine turtles at a globally significant nesting beach. Semi-structured questionnaires assessed community engagement with light-glow reduction, using an existing theoretical constraints framework. Despite high levels of cognitive and affective engagement (knowledge and concern), behavioural engagement (action) with light reduction in this community was limited. Community perceptions of light reduction were dominated by ‘uncertainty and scepticism’ and ‘externalizing responsibility/blame’, implying that behavioural engagement in this community may be increased by addressing these widely-held perceptions using modified campaign materials and/or strategic legislation. Further refinement of the theoretical constraints framework would better guide future empirical and conceptual research to improve understanding of public engagement with critical environmental issues.

Introduction: While numerous barriers to smoking cessation in pregnancy have been identified, less is known about the role of pregnant smokers’ beliefs in promoting and inhibiting abstinence. This study explored these beliefs and how they might interact with psychosocial factors related to pregnancy and antenatal care.

Methods: In-depth face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 women with experience of prenatal smoking. Grounded theory and the constant comparative approach guided the analysis towards a theoretical explanation of the women's experiences.

Results: Cognitive dissonance generated by the discrepancy between smoking-related prenatal harm beliefs and continued smoking was a strong motivator to quit. However, difficulty in quitting led many to resolve this dissonance by endorsing disengagement beliefs which downplayed the threat of smoking. Four main types of disengagement belief were identified. The tendency to endorse disengagement beliefs appeared to be influenced by two factors: uncertainty about how smoking caused foetal harm and reassurance from health professionals and others that reduced smoking was sufficient for harm minimisation.

Conclusions: Disengagement belief endorsement is common among pregnant smokers and enables the justification of continued smoking, potentially hindering efforts to quit. Increased promotion of complete abstinence by antenatal care professionals and health education interventions targeting risk comprehension and disengagement belief endorsement should be considered to promote greater efforts to quit among pregnant smokers.

Behavioural science is concerned with predicting, explaining and changing behaviour. Taking a personal perspective, this article aims to show how behavioural science can contribute to primary care research, specifically in relation to the development and evaluation of interventions to change behaviour. After discussing the definition and measurement of behaviour, the principle of compatibility and theories of behaviour change, the article outlines two examples of behaviour change trials (one on medication adherence and the other on physical activity), which were part of a research programme on prevention of chronic disease and its consequences. The examples demonstrate how, in a multidisciplinary context, behavioural science can contribute to primary care research in several important ways, including posing relevant research questions, defining the target behaviour, understanding the psychological determinants of behaviour, developing behaviour change interventions and selection or development of measures. The article concludes with a number of recommendations: (i) whether the aim is prediction, explanation or change, defining the target behaviour is a crucial first step; (ii) interventions should be explicitly based on theories that specify the factors that need to be changed in order to produce the desired change in behaviour; (iii) intervention developers need to be aware of the differences between different theories and select a theory only after careful consideration of the alternatives assessed against relevant criteria; and (iv) developers need to be aware that interventions can never be entirely theory based.

With the marine environment under increasing threat from multiple sources, the ability of managers to generate support from stakeholders will be vital for the success of conservation initiatives. In 2004, a new zoning plan for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park increased no-take areas from 4.5% to 33% of the total Park area. The aims of this study were to measure recreational fishers' level of support for the plan and understand how they form attitudes towards conservation initiatives in the Park. A survey of Great Barrier Reef Marine Park recreational fishers conducted three years after implementation of the new zoning plan revealed that 68% of fishers believed that, in general, rezoning the Marine Park was a good idea, whereas 57% supported the actual zoning plan that was implemented. A majority of fishers believed that rezoning the Marine Park was necessary, that the new zoning plan had high conservation value, and that the plan had little impact on their recreational fishing activity. However, most fishers had low to moderate satisfaction with the programme used to consult the public throughout the rezoning process. Logistic regression models revealed a strong relationship between level of support for the plan and fishers' perceptions about the necessity of the plan and its conservation value, the adequacy of the consultation process, and the impact of the plan on their fishing activity. Results indicate that recreational fishers can be strong supporters of conservation initiatives in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park if these initiatives are consistent with their values, and if efforts are made to engage them in the decision making process. These results will enhance the ability of managers to generate support from the recreational fishing community for conservation initiatives in marine environments.

In humid forests tree buttresses and tree trunks are used as diurnal resting sites by phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae). When several species are present on the same buttress, the sandfly species are spatially segregated resulting in a pattern of vertical stratification on the buttress within 100 cm of ground level. A change in the distribution of one species induces a change in the distribution of an adjacent species. This is demonstrated under both natural and experimental conditions. Observations of sandflies at dawn and dusk have revealed that the buttress is used as a swarming site; this behaviour provides our favoured explanation for the patterns of vertical stratification on tree buttresses.

Using an experimental manipulation embedded in a national survey, this study investigated the effect on smokers' risk judgments of receiving accurate information about the cigarette consumption of the average smoker. It was hypothesized that this information would reduce smokers' estimates of the risk of lung cancer faced by the average smoker (‘other's risk’) and hence influence their comparative risk judgments. As predicted, the information made lighter smokers more optimistic and heavier smokers less optimistic. However, the experimental manipulation had no effect on intention to give up smoking. The difference score (other's risk minus own risk) correlated 0.52 with the single-item comparative risk measure. The former measure showed a small but significant optimistic bias whereas the latter measure showed a small but significant pessimistic bias. The findings are discussed in terms of measurement issues and the implications for interventions designed to influence risk perceptions.

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory is a third-generation synchrotron x-ray source, optimized for producing x-rays from undulators. Such undulator sources provide extremely bright, quasi-monochromatic radiation which is ideal for an x-ray microprobe. Such microprobes can be used for trace element quantification with x-ray fluorescence, or for chemical state determination with x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The GeoSoilEnviroCARS (GSECARS) sector at the APS is building an x-ray microprobe for research in earth, planetary, soil and environmental sciences.

The GSECARS undulator source is a standard APS Undulator “A” which is a 3.3 cm period device with 72 periods. The energies of the undulator peaks can be varied by adjusting the gap, and hence the magnetic field of the undulator. The energy of the first harmonic can be varied in this way from approximately 3.1 keV to 14 keV. A measured undulator spectrum is shown in Figure 1.

This paper is concerned with an investigation into the use of artificial neural networks in the design of fuzzy autopilots for controlling the yaw dynamics of a modern Royal Navy warship model. Results are presented to show the viability of such an approach and that effective designs can be produced.

Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence experiments were performed using a prototype undulator for the Advanced Photon Source installed on the CESR storage ring at Cornell University during a run in May, 1988. Fluorescence spectra were collected from a number of standard references and unknowns. Thick target minimum detectable limits (MDL) were about a factor of two higher than those obtained using white bending magnet radiation at the NSLS. The higher MDLs could be due to lower polarization and/or imperfect alignment of the Si(Li) detector. Thin target MDLs were about 10 times lower than the NSLS since the undulator produced a usable spot size which was also 10 times smaller. Several one dimensional multi-elemental scans and two dimensional images were made with 10 μm resolution and 30 ppm MDL. These experiments demonstrate that undulators on the proposed Advanced Photon Source will be ideal for a trace element x-ray fluorescence microprobe with excellent elemental sensitivity and spatial resolution.