In this study, we report the first complete mitochondrial genome of the tapeworm Nippotaenia mogurndae in the order Nippotaeniidea Yamaguti, 1939. This mitogenome, which is 14,307 base pairs (bp) long with an A + T content of 72.2%, consists of 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two rRNA genes, and two non-coding regions. Most tRNAs have a conventional cloverleaf structure, but trnS1 and trnR lack dihydrouridine arms of tRNA. The two largest non-coding regions, NCR1 (220 bp) and NCR2 (817 bp), are located between trnY and trnS2 and between nad5 and trnG, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomic data indicate that N. mogurndae is closely related to tapeworms in the order Cyclophyllidea.

In this paper, the generation of relativistic electron mirrors (REMs) and the reflection of an ultra-short laser off this mirrors are discussed, applying two-dimensional particle-in-cell (2D-PIC) simulations. REMs with ultra-high acceleration and expanding velocity can be produced from a solid nanofoil illuminated normally by an ultra-intense femtosecond laser pulse with a sharp rising edge. Chirped attosecond pulse can be produced through the reflection of a counter-propagating probe laser off the accelerating REM. In the electron moving frame, the plasma frequency of the REM keeps decreasing due to its rapidly expanding. The laser frequency, on the contrary, keeps increasing due to the acceleration of REM and the relativistic Doppler shift from the lab frame to the electron moving frame. Within an ultra-short time interval, the two frequencies will be equal in the electron moving frame, which leads the resonance between laser and REM. The reflected radiation near this interval and the corresponding spectra will be amplified due to the resonance. Through adjusting the arriving time of the probe laser, certain part of the reflected field could be selectively amplified or depressed, leading to the selectively adjusting of the corresponding spectra.

The spin Hamiltonian parameters (g factor and hyperfine structure constants) of Cr+ in ZnX (X = S, Se, Te) and CdTe are theoretically investigated, using the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a tetrahedral 3d5 cluster. Both the contributions from the crystal-field (CF) and charge transfer (CT) mechanisms are considered from the cluster approach. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental data. The CT contribution to g-shift Δg (=g − gs, where gs =2.0023 is the spin only value) is opposite (positive) in sign related to the CF one, and its importance (characterized by the relative ratio (|ΔgCT/ΔgCF|) is 11%, 66% and 104% (71%) for ZnS, ZnSe and ZnTe (CdTe), respectively. ACT from the CT contribution to hyperfine structure constant is the same (positive) in sign and about 50–53% in magnitude as compared with ACF from the CF one.

The axial shift and the spin Hamiltonian parameters (zero-field splitting D, g factors and hyperfine structure constants) for Cr+ in BeO are theoretically studied in this work. The calculations are carried out by using the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d5 ion under trigonally distorted tetrahedra based on the cluster approach containing both the crystal-field and charge transfer contributions. It is found that the impurity Cr+ may not occupy exactly the host Be2+ site but experience a small outward shift 0.01 Å away from the ligand triangle along the C3 axis. The above impurity axial shift leads to much smaller trigonal distortion than the host Be2+ site in BeO. The theoretical spin Hamiltonian parameters based on the above impurity axial shift are in good agreement with the observed values.

The plant expression vectors pCAMBIA1301PMI and pBIPMI were constructed by substituting the Escherichia coli phosphomannose-isomerase (PMI) gene for the hpt gene of pCAMBIA1301 and gus gene of pBI121, respectively. Epicotyl explants of the Xuegan sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105- pCAMBIA1301PMI and EHA105-pBIPMI and subsequently selected in a medium supplemented with a combination of 25 g/l mannose and 5 g/l sucrose as the carbon source. The transformation efficiency rate was 27.7% when transformed by pCAMBIA1301PMI and 12.7% by pBIPMI. Genetic transformation was confirmed by chlorophenol red assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A new method for obtaining transgenic Xuegan sweet orange plants was developed using the PMI/mannose selection system.