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11 results

Volunteering in Global Mental Health
  • A Practical Guide for Clinicians
  • Edited by Sophie Thomson, Peter Hughes, Sam Gnanapragasam
  • Coming soon
  • Expected online publication date: October 2023
  • Print publication: 31 October 2023
  • Volunteering in Global Mental Health provides much-needed information, practical guidance and inspiration for mental health professionals embarking on global volunteering across different cultures. It provides the background theory and key principles to know when thinking about volunteering, so that volunteering can be done ethically, respectfully and collaboratively. The book then leads on to chapters that outline the practical aspects of preparation and implementation of a project, with key tips on avoiding common pitfalls. This section is followed by personal and inspiring lived field examples of volunteer and hosts' experiences of recent projects in locations such as Somaliland, Sudan, Kashmir and more. These bring to life the mutual benefits and learning potential of global volunteering. The book will help potential volunteers to understand the process, challenges and benefits of working with colleagues around the world, and inspire readers to undertake mental health volunteering globally.

  • Hyperbolically embedded subgroups and quasi-isometries of pairs

  • Part of
  • Sam Hughes, Eduardo Martínez-Pedroza
  • Journal: Canadian Mathematical Bulletin / Volume 66 / Issue 3 / September 2023
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 January 2023, pp. 827-843
  • Print publication: September 2023
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  • We give technical conditions for a quasi-isometry of pairs to preserve a subgroup being hyperbolically embedded. We consider applications to the quasi-isometry and commensurability invariance of acylindrical hyperbolicity of finitely generated groups.

  • Exploring market-based wildlife trade dynamics in Bangladesh

  • Nasir Uddin, Ariful Islam, Tania Akhter, Tasnim Ara, Delower Hossain, Craig Fullstone, Sam Enoch, Alice C. Hughes
  • Journal: Oryx , First View
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 November 2022, pp. 1-13
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  • Wildlife markets are hotspots for illegal wildlife trade, with traders operating as a result of weak monitoring and law enforcement. Knowledge of species traded, sources, and routes used for transport is needed to identify illegal wildlife trade markets and intervene to stem trade. We conducted surveys in 13 wildlife markets across Bangladesh every month during January-December 2019 to assess the abundance and diversity of wildlife taxa traded and the factors driving this trade. Passeriformes, Columbiformes, Psittaciformes, Artiodactyla, Carnivora and Testudines were the most traded orders. Wildlife markets were also centres of trade for high-value species, including the tiger Panthera tigris, crocodile Crocodylus porosus and tortoises. In hill markets and peri-urban markets the most commonly sold species originated from nearby forests, whereas urban markets included both native species and exotic species sourced internationally. Market type, road links to the market, the presence of law enforcement agencies, proximity to a port and form of sale (live animals or byproducts) all significantly influenced what is being traded. Trade of mammals, reptiles, high-value wildlife species and threatened species was less common in markets proximal to law enforcement agencies. Markets close to seaports or airports were more likely to sell mammals, threatened species and high-value wildlife. Based on our results, we recommend a set of interventions to help reduce market-based wildlife trade in Bangladesh.

  • The role of psychological distress in the relationship between lifestyle and compulsivity: An analysis of independent, bi-national samples

  • Mary-Ellen E. Brierley, Lucy Albertella, Kristian Rotaru, Louise Destree, Emma M. Thompson, Chang Liu, Erynn Christensen, Amelia Lowe, Rebecca A. Segrave, Karyn E. Richardson, Edouard Kayayan, Samuel R. Chamberlain, Jon E. Grant, Rico S. C. Lee, Sam Hughes, Murat Yücel, Leonardo F. Fontenelle
  • Journal: CNS Spectrums / Volume 28 / Issue 2 / April 2023
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 December 2021, pp. 164-173
  • Background

    Poor mental health is a state of psychological distress that is influenced by lifestyle factors such as sleep, diet, and physical activity. Compulsivity is a transdiagnostic phenotype cutting across a range of mental illnesses including obsessive–compulsive disorder, substance-related and addictive disorders, and is also influenced by lifestyle. Yet, how lifestyle relates to compulsivity is presently unknown, but important to understand to gain insights into individual differences in mental health. We assessed (a) the relationships between compulsivity and diet quality, sleep quality, and physical activity, and (b) whether psychological distress statistically contributes to these relationships.

    Methods

    We collected harmonized data on compulsivity, psychological distress, and lifestyle from two independent samples (Australian n = 880 and US n = 829). We used mediation analyses to investigate bidirectional relationships between compulsivity and lifestyle factors, and the role of psychological distress.

    Results

    Higher compulsivity was significantly related to poorer diet and sleep. Psychological distress statistically mediated the relationship between poorer sleep quality and higher compulsivity, and partially statistically mediated the relationship between poorer diet and higher compulsivity.

    Conclusions

    Lifestyle interventions in compulsivity may target psychological distress in the first instance, followed by sleep and diet quality. As psychological distress links aspects of lifestyle and compulsivity, focusing on mitigating and managing distress may offer a useful therapeutic approach to improve physical and mental health. Future research may focus on the specific sleep and diet patterns which may alter compulsivity over time to inform lifestyle targets for prevention and treatment of functionally impairing compulsive behaviors.

  • SPLITTING LOOPS AND NECKLACES: VARIANTS OF THE SQUARE PEG PROBLEM

  • Part of
  • JAI ASLAM, SHUJIAN CHEN, FLORIAN FRICK, SAM SALOFF-COSTE, LINUS SETIABRATA, HUGH THOMAS
  • Journal: Forum of Mathematics, Sigma / Volume 8 / 2020
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2020, e5
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  • Toeplitz conjectured that any simple planar loop inscribes a square. Here we prove variants of Toeplitz’s square peg problem. We prove Hadwiger’s 1971 conjecture that any simple loop in $3$-space inscribes a parallelogram. We show that any simple planar loop inscribes sufficiently many rectangles that their vertices are dense in the loop. If the loop is rectifiable, there is a rectangle that cuts the loop into four pieces which can be rearranged to form two loops of equal length. (The previous two results are independently due to Schwartz.) A rectifiable loop in $d$-space can be cut into $(r-1)(d+1)+1$ pieces that can be rearranged by translations to form $r$ loops of equal length. We relate our results to fair divisions of necklaces in the sense of Alon and to Tverberg-type results. This provides a new approach and a common framework to obtain inscribability results for the class of all continuous curves.

  • Protocol investigating the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy delivered remotely for unscheduled care users with health anxiety: randomised controlled trial

  • Shireen Patel, Sam Malins, Boliang Guo, Marilyn James, Joe Kai, Catherine Kaylor-Hughes, Emma Rowley, Jayne Simpson, David Smart, Michelle Stubley, Helen Tyrer, Richard Morriss
  • Journal: BJPsych Open / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / January 2016
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 January 2018, pp. 81-87
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  • Background

    Health anxiety and medically unexplained symptoms cost the National Health Service (NHS) an estimated £3 billion per year in unnecessary costs with little evidence of patient benefit. Effective treatment is rarely taken up due to issues such as stigma or previous negative experiences with mental health services. An approach to overcome this might be to offer remotely delivered psychological therapy, which can be just as effective as face-to-face therapy and may be more accessible and suitable.

    Aims

    To investigate the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of remotely delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) to people with high health anxiety repeatedly accessing unscheduled care (trial registration: NCT02298036).

    Method

    A multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) will be undertaken in primary and secondary care providers of unscheduled care across the East Midlands. One hundred and forty-four eligible participants will be equally randomised to receive either remote CBT (6–12 sessions) or treatment as usual (TAU). Two doctoral research studies will investigate the barriers and facilitators to delivering the intervention and the factors contributing to the optimisation of therapeutic outcome.

    Results

    This trial will be the first to test the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of remotely delivered CBT for the treatment of high health anxiety.

    Conclusions

    The findings will enable an understanding as to how this intervention might fit into a wider care pathway to enhance patient experience of care.

  • Dopant and Self-Diffusion in Extrinsic n-Type Silicon Isotopically Controlled Heterostructures

  • Hughes H. Silvestri, Ian D. Sharp, Hartmut A. Bracht, Sam P. Nicols, Jeff W. Beeman, John Hansen, Arne Nylandsted-Larsen, Eugene E. Haller
  • Journal: MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 719 / 2002
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 February 2011, F13.10
  • Print publication: 2002

  • We present experimental results of dopant- and self-diffusion in extrinsic silicon doped with As. Multilayers of isotopically controlled 28Si and natural silicon enable simultaneous analysis of 30Si diffusion into the 28Si enriched layers and dopant diffusion throughout the multilayer structure. In order to suppress transient enhanced self- and dopant diffusion caused by ion implantation, we adopted a special approach to dopant introduction. First, an amorphous 250-nm thick Si layer was deposited on top of the Si isotope heterostructure. Then the dopant ions were implanted to a depth such that all the radiation damage resided inside this amorphous cap layer. These samples were annealed for various times and temperatures to study the impact of As diffusion and doping on Si self-diffusion. The Si self-diffusion coefficient and the dopant diffusivity for various extrinsic n-type conditions were determined over a wide temperature range. We observed increased diffusivities that we attribute to the increase in the concentration of the native defect promoting the diffusion.