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Poor mental health is a state of psychological distress that is influenced by lifestyle factors such as sleep, diet, and physical activity. Compulsivity is a transdiagnostic phenotype cutting across a range of mental illnesses including obsessive–compulsive disorder, substance-related and addictive disorders, and is also influenced by lifestyle. Yet, how lifestyle relates to compulsivity is presently unknown, but important to understand to gain insights into individual differences in mental health. We assessed (a) the relationships between compulsivity and diet quality, sleep quality, and physical activity, and (b) whether psychological distress statistically contributes to these relationships.
Methods
We collected harmonized data on compulsivity, psychological distress, and lifestyle from two independent samples (Australian n = 880 and US n = 829). We used mediation analyses to investigate bidirectional relationships between compulsivity and lifestyle factors, and the role of psychological distress.
Results
Higher compulsivity was significantly related to poorer diet and sleep. Psychological distress statistically mediated the relationship between poorer sleep quality and higher compulsivity, and partially statistically mediated the relationship between poorer diet and higher compulsivity.
Conclusions
Lifestyle interventions in compulsivity may target psychological distress in the first instance, followed by sleep and diet quality. As psychological distress links aspects of lifestyle and compulsivity, focusing on mitigating and managing distress may offer a useful therapeutic approach to improve physical and mental health. Future research may focus on the specific sleep and diet patterns which may alter compulsivity over time to inform lifestyle targets for prevention and treatment of functionally impairing compulsive behaviors.
We generalize results of Thomas, Allcock, Thom–Petersen, and Kar–Niblo to the first $\ell ^{2}$-Betti number of quotients of certain groups acting on trees by subgroups with free actions on the edge sets of the graphs.
Toeplitz conjectured that any simple planar loop inscribes a square. Here we prove variants of Toeplitz’s square peg problem. We prove Hadwiger’s 1971 conjecture that any simple loop in $3$-space inscribes a parallelogram. We show that any simple planar loop inscribes sufficiently many rectangles that their vertices are dense in the loop. If the loop is rectifiable, there is a rectangle that cuts the loop into four pieces which can be rearranged to form two loops of equal length. (The previous two results are independently due to Schwartz.) A rectifiable loop in $d$-space can be cut into $(r-1)(d+1)+1$ pieces that can be rearranged by translations to form $r$ loops of equal length. We relate our results to fair divisions of necklaces in the sense of Alon and to Tverberg-type results. This provides a new approach and a common framework to obtain inscribability results for the class of all continuous curves.
Health anxiety and medically unexplained symptoms cost the National
Health Service (NHS) an estimated £3 billion per year in unnecessary
costs with little evidence of patient benefit. Effective treatment is
rarely taken up due to issues such as stigma or previous negative
experiences with mental health services. An approach to overcome this
might be to offer remotely delivered psychological therapy, which can be
just as effective as face-to-face therapy and may be more accessible and
suitable.
Aims
To investigate the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of remotely
delivered cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) to people with high health
anxiety repeatedly accessing unscheduled care (trial registration:
NCT02298036).
Method
A multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) will be undertaken in
primary and secondary care providers of unscheduled care across the East
Midlands. One hundred and forty-four eligible participants will be
equally randomised to receive either remote CBT (6–12 sessions) or
treatment as usual (TAU). Two doctoral research studies will investigate
the barriers and facilitators to delivering the intervention and the
factors contributing to the optimisation of therapeutic outcome.
Results
This trial will be the first to test the clinical outcomes and
cost-effectiveness of remotely delivered CBT for the treatment of high
health anxiety.
Conclusions
The findings will enable an understanding as to how this intervention
might fit into a wider care pathway to enhance patient experience of
care.
We present experimental results of dopant- and self-diffusion in extrinsic silicon doped with As. Multilayers of isotopically controlled 28Si and natural silicon enable simultaneous analysis of 30Si diffusion into the 28Si enriched layers and dopant diffusion throughout the multilayer structure. In order to suppress transient enhanced self- and dopant diffusion caused by ion implantation, we adopted a special approach to dopant introduction. First, an amorphous 250-nm thick Si layer was deposited on top of the Si isotope heterostructure. Then the dopant ions were implanted to a depth such that all the radiation damage resided inside this amorphous cap layer. These samples were annealed for various times and temperatures to study the impact of As diffusion and doping on Si self-diffusion. The Si self-diffusion coefficient and the dopant diffusivity for various extrinsic n-type conditions were determined over a wide temperature range. We observed increased diffusivities that we attribute to the increase in the concentration of the native defect promoting the diffusion.
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