Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is recommended in treatment guidelines as an efficacious therapy for treatment-resistant depression. However, it has been associated with loss of autobiographical memory and short-term reduction in new learning.

To provide clinically useful guidelines to aid clinicians in informing patients regarding the cognitive side-effects of ECT and in monitoring these during a course of ECT, using complex data.

A Committee of clinical and academic experts from Australia and New Zealand met to the discuss the key issues pertaining to ECT and cognitive side-effects. Evidence regarding cognitive side-effects was reviewed, as was the limited evidence regarding how to monitor them. Both issues were supplemented by the clinical experience of the authors.

Meta-analyses suggest that new learning is impaired immediately following ECT but that group mean scores return at least to baseline by 14 days after ECT. Other cognitive functions are generally unaffected. However, the finding of a mean score that is not reduced from baseline cannot be taken to indicate that impairment, particularly of new learning, cannot occur in individuals, particularly those who are at greater risk. Therefore, monitoring is still important. Evidence suggests that ECT does cause deficits in autobiographical memory. The evidence for schedules of testing to monitor cognitive side-effects is currently limited. We therefore make practical recommendations based on clinical experience.

Despite modern ECT techniques, cognitive side-effects remain an important issue, although their nature and degree remains to be clarified fully. In these circumstances it is useful for clinicians to have guidance regarding what to tell patients and how to monitor these side-effects clinically.

In the social context individuals and society are in a complex combination for they can not exist apart one-another. The way these paralellic identities combine in a time and space with brand new dimensions is the core question held in this paper. Surely individuals gains from society space and time and gives space and time to it, as well. At the point these interchanges occur, there is the combination of the identity states staded.

Even though in such a complexity, the tendency to distinguish clearly the psycholocial from philosofical and social dimension is on the first core aims of the paper.

As the core of the paper are psychological deviances, this will be the central question with branches of Heideggerian dasein identity, the social level according to Durkheim with an analitical viewpoint of Other(s) as to Decombes.

The aim of this paper is to bring a psychological, social and philosophical viewpoint of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder model based on what Albanian Society has been through in the past and present contextes. The social interaction stands on these behavioral malfunction identities.

The selected topic is based on analitical viewpoint of Traumatic Form through related models of existece.

Theoretical conclusions given in this paper are closely related to our society in its present existent form, and previous existences.

According to this preliminary case series evidence for anxiety/somatization disorder were evident in 50% (5/10) before the development of PPV while in 30% (3/10) anxiety symptoms appeared in parallel or sequential to the development of PPV. In 20% (2/10), no signs for anxiety symptoms detected during evaluation.

The results of this case series suggest that PPV is a heterogeneous diagnosis that in part includes patient with previous anxiety/somatization disorder and patient in which vertigo is the presenting sign of anxiety disorder.

Farther research is needed in order to farther characterize PPV patients and promote suitable interventions.