A Geographic Information System (GIS) was developed to evaluate its utility in an eradication program of common crupina. Infested areas were recorded in the GIS along with information normally found on United States Geological Survey topographic maps. Infested areas were separated into management areas according to possible treatment method and special environmental or health requirements such as proximity to streams or inhabited buildings. The location, size, and type of each management area were recorded in the database. The database was constructed to maintain treatment and efficacy data for tracking the process of eradication for each infestation. Areas were identified for detection surveying, including coordinates for navigating with a global positioning system (GPS).

Yellow starthistle achenes were placed in 80-mesh nylon packets, buried in the field at depths of 2.5, 5, and 15 cm, and retrieved over 10 yr. No effects of burial depth on longevity were detected. Viability decreased faster for plumeless achenes than for plumed achenes. Average longevity of plumeless and plumed achenes was 6 and 10 yr, respectively.

Here considered is the problem of transient electromagnetic scattering from overfilled cavities embedded in an impedance ground plane. An artificial boundary condition is introduced on a semicircle enclosing the cavity that couples the fields from the infinite exterior domain to those fields inside. A Green’s function solution is obtained for the exterior domain, while the interior problem is solved using finite element method. Well-posedness of the associated variational formulation is achieved and convergence and stability of the numerical scheme confirmed. Numerical experiments show the accuracy and robustness of the method.