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3 results

  • Suffolk Show 2011: Prehospital Medical Coverage in a Mass-gathering Event

  • Amir H. Pakravan, Richard J. West, David W. Hodgkinson
  • Journal:
    Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 28 / Issue 5 / October 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 August 2013, pp. 529-532
    Print publication:
    October 2013
  • Introduction

    Despite their popularity and unique characteristics, county shows, also known as agricultural fairs, are amongst the least-studied mass-gathering events. Suffolk Show is one of the biggest such events in the UK, attracting tens of thousands of people annually over a 2-day period. In addition to trade stands and livestock displays, the 2011 show included top international show jumping and other sport activities.

    Problem

    Due to the range of activities and large number of attendees of different ages and medical backgrounds, combined with a lack of objective data about medical contacts made during these events, medical officers and local emergency services find planning an appropriate level of medical coverage for county shows particularly challenging. This study involved analyzing the characteristics of medical contacts during a major county show and assessing the level of medical coverage provided.

    Methods

    Data collected from St John Ambulance (SJA) and British Red Cross standard medical records of all contacts on the show ground over the two days were analyzed in terms of demographics, presenting complaints, medical history, and discharge destination. The Event Safety Guide by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) was the agreed standard for the level of medical coverage.

    Results

    More than 90,000 people visited the show, with a total of 180 medical contacts recorded. Patient presentation rate (per 1,000 attendees) was 2.0 and the transport to hospital rate (per 1,000 attendees) was 0.1.

    Of the 112 cases handled by SJA, 74 (66%) were women and 49 (44%) were 18-64 years of age. Wounds, lacerations and abrasions made up 26 (23.2%) of all presentations to SJA, followed by foot and lower limb blisters at 20 (17.8%). Hypertension was the most common medical history in presentations to SJA (11 cases, 10%), followed by asthma in 7 (6%).

    Conclusion

    The majority of presentations were due to minor injuries or ailments. An understanding of the event characteristics, demographics, and nature of medical contacts will provide organizers, medical officers, and local emergency services with information about the level of coverage and resources required. This data can further help advance knowledge of mass-gathering medicine across the various types of events.

    PakravanAH, WestRJ, HodgkinsonDW. Suffolk Show 2011: Prehospital Medical Coverage in a Mass-gathering Event. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(5):1-4.

  • Production from dairy cows of semi-industrial quantities of milk-protein concentrate (MPC) containing efficacious anti-Candida albicans IgA antibodies

  • Alison J Hodgkinson, Richard D Cannon, Ann R Holmes, Frank J Fischer, Dawn J Willix-Payne
  • Journal:
    Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 74 / Issue 3 / August 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 April 2007, pp. 269-275
    Print publication:
    August 2007

  • Bovine milk antibodies directed against human pathogenic organisms have potential as prophylactic or therapeutic treatments of disorders affecting mucosal surfaces. The cow, however, does not naturally secrete high levels of IgA in milk, the predominant immunoglobulin of the mucosal immune system. We have patented an immunisation protocol that results in increased production of IgA in ruminant milk and in this study established that our protocol can be used on a scale sufficient to produce semi-industrial quantities of milk for processing. Cows were immunised with a common pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans and responded with high levels of antigen-specific IgA antibodies in their milk. The spray-dried milk-protein concentrate (85% protein) powder was shown to reduce adherence of Cand. albicans cells in in vitro adherence assays, demonstrating an ability to retain efficacy through the processing. These results suggest that this milk product may be of therapeutic value if the reduction in Cand. albicans adhesion observed in vitro translates to reduced colonisation in vivo.

  • Middle, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sedimentary environments of the Djebel Nefusa region, northwestern Libya

  • Richard J. Hodgkinson, Christopher D. Walley
  • Journal:
    Annual Report - Society for Libyan Studies / Volume 8 / 1977
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    03 March 2015, pp. 45-49
    Print publication:
    1977

  • Carbonate and clastic sediments of Jurassic and Cretaceous age are exposed along the fault-scarp of Djebel Nefusa in north-western Libya. Previous geological investigations have been mainly restricted to the eastern sector of the scarp. Recent studies by the authors in the western sector of Djebel Nefusa and on equivalent sediments in southern Tunisia have allowed the first regional interpretation of these rocks.

    The area studied lies geographically and geologically at the edge of the Saharan Platform, a large cratonic block, composed of rocks of Precambrian-Palaeozoic age. To the north and east lies a downfaulted sedimentary basin (Gabes-Sabratha Basin) containing a large thickness of Mesozoic sediments. The location of the sections measured along Djebel Nefusa are depicted in Fig.1.

    The stratigraphic nomenclature of the rock succession of Djebel Nefusa was first established in the east and continued laterally towards the west by later workers. Difficulties in the application of this nomenclature are presented by the recognition of facies changes previously overlooked by earlier investigators. However, as a framework for understanding these changes and the sedimentary processes which caused them, the stratigraphy erected by Magnier (1963) is adopted.