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25 results

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  • 2 - From Constantine to Constans

  • Edited by Rosamond McKitterick, University of Cambridge, John Osborne, Carleton University, Ottawa, Carol M. Richardson, University of Edinburgh, Joanna Story, University of Leicester
  • Book:
    Old Saint Peter's, Rome
    Published online:
    18 December 2013
    Print publication:
    07 November 2013, pp 35-64

  • Summary

    A thoroughly revisionist account of the historical origins of the basilica was published by Glen Bowersock, who proposed that the foundation and construction of the basilica should be attributed not to Constantine, but probably to Constans. This chapter takes the doubts they have raised as an opportunity to reconsider both the chronology of the fourth-century basilica, and also the evidence for possible changes in its design during construction. An inscription, referring unambiguously to Constantine as the founder of Saint Peter's, was located on the triumphal arch of the basilica and was executed in letters of gold, forming part of a mosaic scene. Whatever the precise chronology of the preceding stages of development, the remodelling or rebuilding of the apse in its definitive form seems to have followed on only after the accession in 337 of Constans, whose probable stamp occurred on bricks used in its construction.

Edward the Confessor
  • The Man and the Legend
  • With contributions by Stephen Baxter , Edina Bozoky , Eric C. Fernie , Richard Gem , Simon D. Keynes , Warwick Rodwell , Pauline Stafford and Elisabeth M. C. van Houts
  • Edited by Richard Mortimer
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    25 October 2017
    Print publication:
    19 March 2009
  • The millennium of Edward the Confessor's birth presents an appropriate occasion for a full-scale, up-to-date reassessment of his life, reign and cult, a reappraisal which is provided in the essays here. After an introduction to the many views of Edward's life, and a reinterpretation of the development of his cult, the volume considers his childhood in England and its influence upon his later life; the time he spent in Normandy and the relationships that developed there; and his later life, including an examination of the role played by Edith, his queen. There is also a particular focus upon Westminster Abbey, and the major new discoveries which have recently been made there. Incorporating both broad surveys and the fruits of detailed new work, this book is essential reading for all those interested in late Saxon and Norman England.

    CONTRIBUTORS: RICHARD MORTIMER, SIMON KEYNES, ELISABETH VAN HOUTS, STEPHEN BAXTER, PAULINE STAFFORD, ERIC FERNIE, WARWICK RODWELL, RICHARD GEM, EDINA BOZOKY

  • 8 - Craftsmen and Administrators in the Building of the Confessor's Abbey

  • With contributions by Stephen Baxter , Edina Bozoky , Eric C. Fernie , Richard Gem , Simon D. Keynes , Warwick Rodwell , Pauline Stafford and Elisabeth M. C. van Houts
  • Edited by Richard Mortimer
  • Book:
    Edward the Confessor
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    25 October 2017
    Print publication:
    19 March 2009, pp 168-172

  • Summary

    During the course of a detailed evaluation of the roles played by different categories of persons involved in major building projects during the eleventh century, it has become clear that the views previously put forward by the author regarding the craftsmen of the Confessor's abbey are in need of some modification.

    The organisation of building works in the eleventh century

    FROM A RANGE of contemporary sources, it is possible to establish that major building projects in this period required interaction between persons involved in four key areas of responsibility: patronage, administrative oversight, the supply of materials, and skilled craftsmanship together with general labour. The role of the patron included the authority to define the nature and function of a project and to approve the artistic character of the design; it also entailed the responsibility for ensuring that the project was funded. However, few patrons probably concerned themselves with the lesser task of administering the day-to-day implementation of their project. Such oversight involved the procurement of materials, the hiring of builders, the agreement of contracts, the management of timetables, the supply of accommodation and provisions for the workforce, the expenditure of money, the keeping of accounts, and so forth. Eleventh-century sources provide instances of oversight being delegated to persons answerable to the patron, and these are identified by such terms as custos, exactor, dispensator and so forth. The third area, the provision of materials, certainly involved administrative oversight, but there was far more to it than this. It required access to raw materials, tradesmen with skill in extracting and processing these; and finally the transport of materials to the building site.

    The fourth area is that of craftsmanship and labour. The range of craftsmen (artifici) required on a building site might include: builders in stone and mortar (caementarii), stone cutters (lapidum caesori, latomi), sculptors (sculptores), carpenters (carpentarii, lignarii), plumbers (plumbarii), blacksmiths (fabri ferrarium), glaziers (uitrearii), painters (pictores) and so forth. The general term operarii might cover workmen who were either skilled or unskilled.

  • The Ninth-Century Polychrome Decoration at St Mary's Church, Deerhurst

  • Richard Gem, Emily Howe, Richard Bryant
  • Journal:
    The Antiquaries Journal / Volume 88 / September 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    28 November 2008, pp. 109-164
    Print publication:
    September 2008

  • This paper presents the results of a detailed analysis of surviving paintwork on the chancel arch, the carved animal heads and the figurative panel in the west porch at the Anglo-Saxon church of St Mary, Deerhurst, Gloucestershire, UK. The context of the polychromy in relation to the ninth-century fabric of the church is assessed. The detailed results of the technical analysis are presented. The original scheme of painted decoration is described, including the newly discovered plant scroll painted on the arch. The results of the examination are evaluated, setting the polychrome decoration of the ninth-century church into its contemporary context in England and on the Continent, with special regard to both the technical and the artistic aspects.

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