The 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine had lower uptake compared to seasonal influenza vaccine, and most studies examining uptake of H1N1 vaccine focused on hospital-based healthcare personnel (HCP). Determinants of H1N1 vaccine uptake among HCP in all work settings need to be identified so that interventions can be developed for use in encouraging uptake of future pandemic or emerging infectious disease vaccines.

To identify factors influencing nonhospital HCP H1N1 influenza vaccine compliance.

An H1N1 influenza vaccine compliance questionnaire was administered to HCP working in myriad healthcare settings in March-June 2011.

Surveys were used to assess H1N1 influenza vaccine compliance and examine factors that predicted H1N1 influenza vaccine uptake.

In all, 3,188 HCP completed the survey. Hospital-based HCP had higher compliance than did non-hospital-based personnel (x2 = 142.2, P < .001). In logistic regression stratified by hospital setting versus nonhospital setting, determinants of H1N1 vaccination among non-hospital-based HCP included extent to which H1N1 vaccination was mandated or encouraged, perceived importance of vaccination, access to no-cost vaccine provided on-site, no fear of vaccine side effects, and trust in public health officials when they say that the influenza vaccine is safe. Determinants of hospital-based HCP H1N1 vaccine compliance included having a mandatory vaccination policy, perceived importance of vaccination, no fear of vaccine side effects, free vaccine, perceived seriousness of H1N1 influenza, and trust in public health officials.

Non-hospital-based HCP versus hospital-based HCP reasons for H1N1 vaccine uptake differed. Targeted interventions are needed to increase compliance with pandemic-related vaccines.

Influenza vaccination among nonhospital healthcare workers (HCWs) is imperative, but only limited data are available for factors affecting their compliance.

To examine the factors influencing influenza vaccine compliance among hospital and nonhospital HCWs.

A vaccine compliance questionnaire was administered to HCWs working in myriad healthcare settings in March-June 2011.

Online and paper surveys were used to assess compliance with the 2010/2011, 2009/2010, and H1N1 influenza vaccines and to examine factors that predicted the uptake of the 2010/2011 seasonal influenza vaccine.

In all, 3,188 HCWs completed the survey; half of these (n = 1,719) reported no hospital work time. Compliance rates for all 3 vaccines were significantly higher (P< .001) among hospital versus nonhospital HCWs. In logistic regression stratified by hospital versus nonhospital setting, and when controlling for demographics and past behavior, the determinants of vaccination against the 2010/2011 seasonal influenza among nonhospital-based HCWs included having a mandatory vaccination policy, perceived importance, no fear of vaccine adverse effects, free and on-site access, and perceived susceptibility to influenza. Determinants of hospital-based HCW vaccine compliance included having a mandatory vaccination policy, belief that HCWs should be vaccinated every year, occupational health encouragement, perceived importance of vaccination, on-site access, and no fear of vaccine adverse effects. The strongest predictor of compliance for both worker groups was existence of a mandatory vaccination policy.

The reasons for vaccine uptake among nonhospital-based versus hospital-based HCWs differed. Targeted interventions should be aimed at workers in these settings to increase their vaccine compliance, including implementing a mandatory vaccination policy.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33(3):243-249