The three years that I spent at Royal Holloway, University of London between 1975 and 1978, as professor and head of the History Department, were among the happiest and most purposive of my entire academic life. This was due, in no small part, to my instant friendship with Francis Robinson. We soon realised that our interests converged to a remarkable degree, despite the gulf of almost two millennia between my own concern for the world of Late Antiquity and his with religion and politics in contemporary India and Pakistan.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To determine the signs, symptoms, and diagnoses that are significantly upregulated in cases of long COVID while identifying risk factors and demographics that increase one’s likelihood of developing long COVID. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is a retrospective, big data science study. Data from Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers across the United States between the start of 2020 and the end of 2022 were utilized. Our cohort consists of 316,782 individuals with positive COVID-19 tests recorded in the VA EHR with a history of ICD10-CM diagnosis codes in the record for case-control comparison. We looked at all new diagnoses that were not present in the six months before COVID diagnosis but were present in the time period from one month after COVID through seven months after. We determined which were significantly enriched and calculated odds ratios for each, organized by long COVID subtypes by medical specialty / affected organ system. Demographic analyses were also performed for long COVID patients and patients without any new long COVID ICD10-CM codes. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This profile shows disorders that are highly upregulated in the post-COVID population and provides strong evidence for a broad definition of long COVID. By breaking this into subtypes by medical specialty, we define cardiac long COVID, neurological long COVID, pulmonary long COVID, and eight others. The long COVID cohort was older with more comorbidities than their non-long COVID counterparts. We also noted any differences regarding sex, race, ethnicity, severity of acute COVID-19 symptoms, vaccination status, as well as some analysis regarding medications taken. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This profile can be utilized to decisively define long COVID as a clinical diagnosis and will lead to consistence in future research. Elucidating an actionable model for long COVID will help clinicians identify those in their care that may be experiencing long COVID, allowing them to be admitted into more intensive monitoring and treatment programs.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: 1. Describe method of Community Based System Dynamics. 2. Describe CBSD as used in addressing structural racism in a previously redlined community. 3. Review example causal loop diagrams and simulation models developed using CBSD focused on structural racism as a social determinant of health. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Community Based System Dynamics (group model building and computer simulation development). Cuyahoga County, Ohio, a previously redlined community of more than 1.2 million people. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS:Actionable Community identified leverage points for action to mitigate structural racism. Computer simulation models built on causal loop diagrams built by Community members with loved experience. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Structural and social determinants of health, such as racism, have profound impacts on the health of individuals and populations, however they remain challenging to address in pragmatic ways. CBSD is a novel method to engage community members not proximal to the impact of structural racism in generating maps of the complex, dynamic system they live in.

Precision Medicine/Health

Lake settlements, particularly crannogs, pose several contradictions—visible yet inaccessible, widespread yet geographically restricted, persistent yet vulnerable. To further our understanding, we developed the integrated use of palaeolimnological (scanning XRF, pollen, spores, diatoms, chironomids, Cladocera, microcharcoal, biogenic silica, SEM-EDS, stable-isotopes) and biomolecular (faecal stanols, bile acids, sedaDNA) analyses of crannog cores in south-west Scotland and Ireland. Both can be effective methods sets for revealing occupation chronologies and identifying on-crannog activities and practices. Strong results from sedaDNA and lipid biomarker analyses demonstrate probable on-site animal slaughter, food storage and possible feasting, suggesting multi-period, elite site associations, and the storage and protection of valuable resources.

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In a familial case where 10 of 17 members inherited EA/LVNC in an autosomal dominant pattern, we discovered a novel, damaging missense variant in the gene KLHL26 that segregates with disease and comprises an altered electrostatic surface profile, likely decoupling the CUL3-interactome. We hypothesize that this KLHL26 variant is etiologic of EA/LVNC. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We differentiated a family trio (a heart-healthy daughter and EA/LVNC-affected mother and daughter) of induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in a blinded manner on three iPSC clones per subject. Using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and biomechanical, electrophysiological, and automated contraction methods, we investigated iPSC-CM differentiation efficiency between D10-20, contractility analysis and cell cycle regulation at D20, and sarcomere organization at D60. We further conducted differential analyses following label-free protein and RNA-Seq quantification at D20. Via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we plan to characterize KLHL26 variant-specific iPSC-CM alterations and connect findings to discoveries from patient-specific studies. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: All iPSC lines differentiated into CMs with an increased percentage of cTnT+ cells in the affected daughter line. In comparison to the unaffected, affected iPSC-CMs had fewer contractions per minute and altered calcium transients, mainly a higher amount of total calcium release, faster rate of rise and faster rate of fall. The affected daughter line further had shorter shortening and relaxation times, higher proliferation, lower apoptosis, and a smaller cell surface area per cardiac nucleus. The affected mother line trended in a similar direction to the affected daughter line. There were no gross differences in sarcomere organization between the lines. We also discovered differential expression of candidate proteins such as kinase VRK1 and collagen COL5A1 from proteomic profiling. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These discoveries suggest that EA/LVNC characteristics or pathogenesis may result from decreased contractile ability, altered calcium transients, and cell cycle dysregulation. Through the KLHL26 variant correction and introduction in the daughter lines, we will build upon this understanding to inform exploration of critical clinical targets.

We present the data and initial results from the first pilot survey of the Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU), observed at 944 MHz with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) telescope. The survey covers $270 \,\mathrm{deg}^2$ of an area covered by the Dark Energy Survey, reaching a depth of 25–30 $\mu\mathrm{Jy\ beam}^{-1}$ rms at a spatial resolution of $\sim$ 11–18 arcsec, resulting in a catalogue of $\sim$ 220 000 sources, of which $\sim$ 180 000 are single-component sources. Here we present the catalogue of single-component sources, together with (where available) optical and infrared cross-identifications, classifications, and redshifts. This survey explores a new region of parameter space compared to previous surveys. Specifically, the EMU Pilot Survey has a high density of sources, and also a high sensitivity to low surface brightness emission. These properties result in the detection of types of sources that were rarely seen in or absent from previous surveys. We present some of these new results here.

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allows for imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy of materials on length scales ranging from microns to atoms. By using a high-speed, direct electron detector, it is now possible to record a full two-dimensional (2D) image of the diffracted electron beam at each probe position, typically a 2D grid of probe positions. These 4D-STEM datasets are rich in information, including signatures of the local structure, orientation, deformation, electromagnetic fields, and other sample-dependent properties. However, extracting this information requires complex analysis pipelines that include data wrangling, calibration, analysis, and visualization, all while maintaining robustness against imaging distortions and artifacts. In this paper, we present py4DSTEM, an analysis toolkit for measuring material properties from 4D-STEM datasets, written in the Python language and released with an open-source license. We describe the algorithmic steps for dataset calibration and various 4D-STEM property measurements in detail and present results from several experimental datasets. We also implement a simple and universal file format appropriate for electron microscopy data in py4DSTEM, which uses the open-source HDF5 standard. We hope this tool will benefit the research community and help improve the standards for data and computational methods in electron microscopy, and we invite the community to contribute to this ongoing project.

As industrial-organizational (I-O) psychologists, we have expertise in applying psychological and/or organizational science to the workplace. However, many of us haven’t taken the time to think about how our I-O psychology knowledge can apply to our teaching practice. We walk through some examples of how I-O psychology research can help us be better teachers, and the goal of our paper is to encourage readers to make evidence-based changes to their teaching based on I-O psychology research. We organize our discussion around four areas: training and development, diversity and inclusion, groups and teams, and leadership. Within each, we offer small, medium, and large changes that could be incorporated into classrooms. We hope that readers will be inspired to build on what they do in their classrooms to help students learn about (and be inspired by) our field.