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  • Developing a sentinel syndromic surveillance system using school-absenteeism data, example monitoring absences over the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
  • Jennifer Lai, Helen E. Hughes, Roger Morbey, Paul Loveridge, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Vanessa Saliba, Esther Kissling, Alex Lovelock-Wren, Jeremy Mabbitt, Alex J. Elliot
  • Journal: Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 149 / 2021
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 November 2021, e248
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    This study describes the development of a pilot sentinel school absence syndromic surveillance system. Using data from a sample of schools in England the capability of this system to monitor the impact of disease on school absences in school-aged children is shown, using the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period as an example. Data were obtained from an online app service used by schools and parents to report their children absent, including reasons/symptoms relating to absence. For 2019 and 2020, data were aggregated into daily counts of ‘total’ and ‘cough’ absence reports. There was a large increase in the number of absence reports in March 2020 compared to March 2019, corresponding to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Absence numbers then fell rapidly and remained low from late March 2020 until August 2020, while lockdown was in place in England. Compared to 2019, there was a large increase in the number of absence reports in September 2020 when schools re-opened in England, although the peak number of absences was smaller than in March 2020. This information can help provide context around the absence levels in schools associated with COVID-19. Also, the system has the potential for further development to monitor the impact of other conditions on school absence, e.g. gastrointestinal infections.

  • 2 - Privacy and Identity through the Eyes of Disney Princesses
  • Edited by Lilian Edwards, Newcastle Law School, Newcastle University, Schafer Burkhard, University of Edinburgh, Edina Harbinja, Aston Law School, Aston University
  • Book: Future Law
  • Published by: Edinburgh University Press
  • Published online: 17 September 2020
  • Print publication: 18 March 2020, pp 13-40
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    Summary

    Once Upon a Time …

    Once upon a time there were eleven beautiful princesses. In many ways they were very different: they came from all over the world, from different periods of history, some from fiction, some from fact, some from fairy tale or folklore, some whose stories were shaped in the modern era. Though the films they grace were created in many different times and for widely different audiences, the stories of each of these fair princesses have distinct similarities, and not simply because the protagonists are all beautiful, troubled and beset by powerful enemies. Each highlights a key issue or issues about privacy and identity that are as relevant to today's online world as they were in the princesses’ own realms and eras.

    That they do so is neither happenstance nor some carefully crafted plan of Disney. Rather, it reflects something more important: privacy is a perennial issue, not a modern or transient indulgence as is sometimes suggested, an idea that did not exist in the past and will not exist in the future. That all these tales demonstrate the importance of privacy and identity rights is thus something that should be taken seriously – as should the rights themselves, which are also, at times, in danger of being dismissed as unimportant, outdated or even self-indulgent in the face of other, seemingly more grown-up issues such as security or economic prosperity.

    The earliest of the princesses, Snow White, appeared in Disney's first full-length animation, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, in 1937, but it wasn't until 2000 that ‘Disney Princesses’ became an official franchise. At that point there were nine ‘official’ Disney Princesses – as of July 2018 there were eleven, with a number of other unofficial princesses lurking around the edges. The franchise has an official website and a massive commercial arm. Disney takes its Princesses very seriously: when Rapunzel became the tenth official Princess, she had a ‘coronation’ in Kensington Palace in London.

  • 1 - The Internet, Warts and All
  • Paul Bernal, University of East Anglia
  • Book: The Internet, Warts and All
  • Published online: 01 August 2018
  • Print publication: 16 August 2018, pp 1-27
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The Internet, Warts and All
  • The Internet, Warts and All
  • Free Speech, Privacy and Truth
  • Paul Bernal
  • Published online: 01 August 2018
  • Print publication: 16 August 2018
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    The Internet, Warts and All asks questions. Why are government digital policies so often out of touch and counter-productive? Why is surveillance law problematic and ineffective - and often defeated in court? Do companies like Google and Facebook really care about freedom of speech? Why are neither laws nor technology companies able to get to grips with trolling? Is 'fake news' something that can be 'dealt with'? Can these issues be addressed more effectively, intelligently and appropriately in the future? To answer these questions, The Internet, Warts and All busts a number of myths and illusions about the internet - about the neutrality of algorithms, the permanence of information, the impact of surveillance, the nature of privacy and more. It shows how trolling and 'fake news' arise - and why current moves to deal with them are doomed to failure. It suggests a way forward - by embracing the unruly nature of the internet.

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