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51 results

Page 1 of 3

Spatial Analysis in Field Primatology
  • Spatial Analysis in Field Primatology
  • Applying GIS at Varying Scales
  • Edited by Francine L. Dolins, Christopher A. Shaffer, Leila M. Porter, Jena R. Hickey, Nathan P. Nibbelink
  • Published online: 29 January 2021
  • Print publication: 18 February 2021
  • View description
    From foraging patterns in a single tree to social interactions across a home range, how primates use space is a key question in the field of primate behavioral ecology. Drawing on the latest advances in spatial analysis tools, this book offers practical guidance on applying geographic information systems (GIS) to central questions in primatology. An initial methodological section discusses niche modelling, home range analysis and agent-based modelling, with a focus on remote data collection. Research-based chapters demonstrate how ecologists apply this technology to a suite of topics including: calculating the intensity of use of both range and travel routes, assessing the impacts of logging, mining and hunting, and informing conservation strategies.
  • Assessing the applicability of terrestrial laser scanning for mapping englacial conduits
  • J. E. KAMINTZIS, J. P. P. JONES, T. D. L. IRVINE-FYNN, T. O. HOLT, P. BUNTING, S. J. A. JENNINGS, P. R. PORTER, B. HUBBARD
  • Journal: Journal of Glaciology / Volume 64 / Issue 243 / February 2018
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 December 2017, pp. 37-48
  • Print publication: February 2018
    • Article
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    • Open access
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  • View abstract

    The morphology of englacial drainage networks and their temporal evolution are poorly characterised, particularly within cold ice masses. At present, direct observations of englacial channels are restricted in both spatial and temporal resolution. Through novel use of a terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) system, the interior geometry of an englacial channel in Austre Brøggerbreen, Svalbard, was reconstructed and mapped. Twenty-eight laser scan surveys were conducted in March 2016, capturing the glacier surface around a moulin entrance and the uppermost 122 m reach of the adjoining conduit. The resulting point clouds provide detailed 3-D visualisation of the channel with point accuracy of 6.54 mm, despite low (<60%) overall laser returns as a result of the physical and optical properties of the clean ice, snow, hoar frost and sediment surfaces forming the conduit interior. These point clouds are used to map the conduit morphology, enabling extraction of millimetre-to-centimetre scale geometric measurements. The conduit meanders at a depth of 48 m, with a sinuosity of 2.7, exhibiting teardrop shaped cross-section morphology. This improvement upon traditional surveying techniques demonstrates the potential of TLS as an investigative tool to elucidate the nature of glacier hydrological networks, through reconstruction of channel geometry and wall composition.

  • The motion of a freely floating cylinder in the presence of a wall and the approximation of resonances
  • P. McIver, R. Porter
  • Journal: Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 795 / 25 May 2016
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 April 2016, pp. 581-610
  • Print publication: 25 May 2016
  • View abstract

    A linear theory, based on wide-spacing and high-frequency approximations, is developed to describe resonant behaviour in two-dimensional water-wave problems involving a freely floating half-immersed cylinder in the presence of a vertical rigid wall. The theory is not able to describe the lowest-frequency resonance, but otherwise yields explicit approximations for the locations of resonances in the complex plane and for their corresponding residues. Two problems are investigated in detail: the time-domain motion following a vertical displacement of the cylinder from equilibrium, and the time-harmonic motion of a cylinder that is excited by an incident plane wave.

  • No change in neuropsychological dysfunction or emotional processing during treatment of major depression with cognitive–behaviour therapy or schema therapy
  • R. J. Porter, C. Bourke, J. D. Carter, K. M. Douglas, V. V. W. McIntosh, J. Jordan, P. R. Joyce, C. M. A. Frampton
  • Journal: Psychological Medicine / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / January 2016
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 October 2015, pp. 393-404
  • Print publication: January 2016
  • View abstract
    Background

    Impaired neuropsychological functioning is a feature of major depression. Previous studies have suggested that at least some aspects of neuropsychological functioning improve with successful treatment of major depression. The extent to which medications may affect the degree of normalization of these functions is unclear. The aim of the current study was to examine the course of neuropsychological functioning during treatment of major depression with cognitive–behaviour therapy (CBT) or schema therapy (ST).

    Method

    A total of 69 out-patients with a primary diagnosis of major depression and 58 healthy controls completed mood ratings, neuropsychological measures, and measures of emotional processing at baseline and after 16 weeks. Participants were randomized after baseline assessment to a year-long course of CBT or ST. Patients reassessed at 16 weeks were medication-free throughout the study.

    Results

    Significant neuropsychological impairment was evident at baseline in depressed participants compared with healthy controls. After 16 weeks of psychotherapy, mean depression rating scores fell more than 50%. However, no neuropsychological measures showed convincing evidence of significant improvement and emotional processing did not change.

    Conclusions

    Persisting impairment in neuropsychological functioning after the first 16 weeks of CBT or ST suggests a need to modify psychological treatments to include components targeting cognitive functioning.

  • Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in mood disorders: effects on attentional response time distributions
  • P. Gallagher, J. Nilsson, A. Finkelmeyer, M. Goshawk, K. A. Macritchie, A. J. Lloyd, J. M. Thompson, R. J. Porter, A. H. Young, I. N. Ferrier, R. H. McAllister-Williams, S. Watson
  • Journal: Psychological Medicine / Volume 45 / Issue 14 / October 2015
  • Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 June 2015, pp. 2985-2997
  • Print publication: October 2015
  • View abstract
    Background.

    Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known of the characteristics of response time (RT) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in mood disorders.

    Method.

    A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 patients with a mood disorder: 86 euthymic BD, 33 depressed BD and 39 medication-free MDD patients. Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each participant. Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the RT distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the ‘slow tail’ of the distribution).

    Results.

    Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all patient samples. Due to minimal changes in average RT, CoV was only increased significantly in BD depressed patients. Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic BD [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07–1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60–1.64, p < 0.0001) in depressed BD. The mu parameter did not differ from controls.

    Conclusions.

    Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of mood disorders. This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional RT distribution parameters between MDD and BD, and BD depression and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.

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