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16 results

Ideology, Politics, and Diplomacy in East Central Europe
  • Edited by M. B. B. Biskupski
  • With contributions by William L. Blackwood , Anna Cienciala , Bruce Garver , Neal Pease , Douglas E. Selvage and S. B. Vardy
  • Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    11 May 2017
    Print publication:
    02 December 2003
  • No region of the world has been more affected by the various movements of the twentieth century than East Central Europe. Broadly defined as comprising the historic territories of the Czechs, Hungarians, Poles, and Slovaks, East Central Europe has been shaped by the interaction of politics, ideology, and diplomacy, especially by the policies of the Great Powers towards the east of Europe. This book addresses Czech politics in Moravia and Czech politics in Bohemia in the nineteenth century, the international politics of relief during World War I, the Morgenthau Mission and the Polish Pogroms of1919, the Hitler-Stalin Pact and its influence on Poland in 1939, Hungarian-Americans during World War II, and Polish-East German relations after World War II.

    Contributors: Bruce Garver, M. B. B. Biskupski, Neal Pease, William L. Blackwood, Anna M. Cienciala, Steven Bela Vardy, and Douglas Selvage.

    M. B. B. Biskupski is Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University.

  • 3 - “This Troublesome Question”: The United States and the “Polish Pogroms” of 1918–1919

    • By Neal Pease, Associate Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
  • Edited by M. B. B. Biskupski
  • With contributions by William L. Blackwood , Anna Cienciala , Bruce Garver , Neal Pease , Douglas E. Selvage and S. B. Vardy
  • Book:
    Ideology, Politics, and Diplomacy in East Central Europe
    Published by:
    Boydell & Brewer
    Published online:
    11 May 2017
    Print publication:
    02 December 2003, pp 58-79

  • Summary

    On April 10 a news dispatch appeared that fifty Jews had been lined up against a wall and executed by command of a Major in the Polish Army. A great outcry broke out in the American press. Paderewski was in Paris and I suggested that he should have an investigation made at once. In the meantime, we sent one of our staff to investigate and found there was really not much truth in the story. But it still raged in the American press and began to threaten our relief work. On June 2nd I wrote President Wilson suggesting that with Paderewski's approval, an official American Mission be sent to look into the matter. General Edgar Jadwin, Mr. Homer Johnson, and Mr. Henry Morgenthau were appointed as the Commission. These gentlemen did a fine service by exposing falsity and creating a generally more wholesome atmosphere.

    Herbert Hoover , The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover: Years of Adventure, 1874–1920 (New York, 1951), 357–58.

    In these eight laconic sentences, composed some thirty years after the fact, Herbert Hoover summarized his part in an episode that involved him as director of the American Relief Administration activities in Eastern Europe after the First World War. However, Hoover's memoirs had much ground to cover regarding his busy career, and his account of this incident is considerably condensed, to say the least. In fact, the so-called Piñsk massacre of April 1919 was but one, albeit the most sensational, of numerous outrages reportedly inflicted upon Jews within Poland since the previous November, the month of the restoration of Polish statehood after more than a century of foreign rule. The accumulated charges convinced much of the world that the fledgling Polish government had encouraged or tolerated the slaughter and persecution of not fifty, but thousands of Jews, and the resultant wave of indignation in the United States and abroad persuaded the American authorities that they had no choice but to intervene in the controversy. These efforts culminated, as Hoover stated, in the dispatch of a board of inquiry led by Henry Morgenthau, but not all agreed that the mission had performed a “fine service” or even that it had reached coherent conclusions.

  • Poland and the Holy See, 1918-1939

  • Neal Pease
  • Journal:
    Slavic Review / Volume 50 / Issue 3 / Fall 1991
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 January 2017, pp. 521-530
    Print publication:
    Fall 1991

  • From 1918 to 1939, a diplomatic partnership between the Holy See and Poland appeared extremely likely. Since 1870 the Vatican had sought to restore the temporal status it had lost during Italian unification. The Lateran accords of 1929 resolved the Roman question and confirmed the disputed sovereignty of the papal enclave. This achievement, however, was only part of the Apostolic See's determined efforts to fortify its international standing in a continent dominated by Protestant, anticlerical, or atheist states. The Vatican seemed to be a natural match for revived Poland, a nation renowned for its fealty to Rome and menaced by Germany and Russia, traditional antagonists of the papacy and champions of totalitarian doctrines that the church regarded as inimical.