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Global Anti-Terrorism Law and Policy
  • 2nd edition
  • Edited by Victor V. Ramraj, Michael Hor, Kent Roach, George Williams
  • Published online:
    05 February 2012
    Print publication:
    12 January 2012
  • Preventing acts of terrorism remains one of the major tasks of domestic governments and regional and international organisations. Terrorism transcends borders, so anti-terrorism law must cross the boundaries of domestic, regional and international law. It also crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries between administrative, constitutional, criminal, financial, immigration, international and military law, as well as the law of war. This second edition provides a comprehensive resource on how domestic, regional and international responses to terrorism have developed since 2001. Chapters that focus on a particular country or region in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia are complemented by overarching thematic chapters that take a comparative approach to particular aspects of anti-terrorism law and policy.

  • 19 - The Penal Code Amendments of 2007: Lessons in Love

  • from SECTION 5 - THE LAW
  • Edited by Terence Chong
  • Book:
    Management of Success
    Published by:
    ISEAS–Yusof Ishak Institute
    Published online:
    21 October 2015
    Print publication:
    25 June 2010, pp 335-354

  • Summary

    CRIMINAL LAW — TOO MUCH OR TOO LITTLE

    It is unusual for a criminal lawyer to think about concepts as abstract as “space”. However, a moment's thought is enough to realize that criminal law is all about space — liberty, or the freedom to choose to do what we want to do, is circumscribed by a number of things, but in a significant measure by criminal law. Where a particular activity is designated a crime, that much space is taken away from the individual. That we do have criminal law at all, and all societies have some form of it, is a clear indication that good government is not about the mindless maximization of individual space. It should nonetheless afford presumptive value to space. Freedom or liberty is, all else being equal, good — after all our Constitution has a number of key provisions collectively called “Fundamental Liberties”. Yet we all expect the government to restrict space where there is a good reason to do so. What is or is not a good reason is often not controversial — no one in stable societies would think twice about denying someone the liberty of murdering, raping or thieving. Such activity harms others in a significant enough way, or in the language of space, giving space to the individual who would do such things will destroy the space of others to live their lives in peace and security. So the line between criminalization and non- or decriminalization is to be drawn according to a balance between the legitimate interest of the individual to engage in that kind of activity and the legitimate interest of others who would be affected by the same. To criminalize too much would be to infringe unjustifiably on the space of those who would engage in that kind of activity; to criminalize too little is to fail to preserve the legitimate space of the victims of such activity.

    The Penal Code amendments of 2007 were, in ambition, unremarkable — a collection of more or less housekeeping changes which had been on the cards for years. So it was to my surprise that two issues arising from the proposed amendments came to dominate public discourse for weeks, perhaps even months — no mean feat in an age of short attention spans.

  • Reserve accumulation and protein storage vacuole formation during development of recalcitrant seeds of Durio zibethinus L.

  • Michael J. Brown, Yue Luan Hor, John S. Greenwood
  • Journal:
    Seed Science Research / Volume 11 / Issue 4 / December 2001
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 February 2007, pp. 293-303

  • The mature seeds of durian (Durio zibethinus L.) are recalcitrant, with the cotyledons storing both starch (amylose, 78% dry weight) and some protein (7%), but having few triglyceride reserves (<1%). Reserve accumulation occurs during the latter third of the 110-d seed developmental period prior to fruit shed. The storage proteins of durian seeds consist of two immunologically related unglycosylated albumins, light and heavy zibethinin (20.2, 21.4 kDa), that account for 37–46% of the total protein during development. Light zibethinin is a single polypeptide, most likely having internal sulphydryl linkages, whereas heavy zibethenin is composed of two sulphydryl-linked subunits. The zibethinins are deposited in swellings of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) which then either expand or coalesce to form protein storage vacuoles. This mode of protein body formation in durian varies from both the ER–Golgi complex–vesicle–vacuole pathway characteristic of many dicotyledonous seeds and the direct ER to protein storage vacuole pathway involved in deposition of certain prolamins in cereal endosperm cells. Protein storage vacuoles in durian seed storage parenchyma never become fully filled, but contain only diffuse peripheral clumps of zibethinin protein. There is a 15% loss in starch, a precipitous loss of total protein, and a concomitant loss of the zibethinin storage proteins during the 5 d prior to fruit shed, suggesting that both reserve mobilization and germination has begun.

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