Single-ended and balanced 90–120 GHz microstrip power amplifier MMICs have been designed for cost-sensitive 5G and 6G backhaul in a commercial 6-inch, 0.1-µm GaAs process. At 108 GHz, measured output power is 20.4 and 22.5 dBm, respectively. At 120 GHz, measured output is 12.6 and 17.4 dBm, respectively. This is the highest reported for GaAs, among the highest reported to date for microstrip MMIC amplifiers at these frequencies and competitive with more expensive InP and GaN processes. Measurement is compared with simulation.

A consensus conference on the reasons for the undertreatment of depression was organized by the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association (NDMDA) on January 17–18,1996. The target audience included health policymakers, clinicians, patients and their families, and the public at large. Six key questions were addressed: (1) Is depression undertreated in the community and in the clinic? (2) What is the economic cost to society of depression? (3) What have been the efforts in the past to redress undertreatment and how successful have they been? (4) What are the reasons for the gap between our knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of depression and actual treatment received in this country? (5) What can we do to narrow this gap? (6) What can we do immediately to narrow this gap?

Many of today’s uses of nanotechnology and nanomaterials can comfortably fall under the current regulatory system with minor adjustments. However, the Woodrow Wilson Center’s Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies has pointed out that the U.S. regulatory system is not prepared to deal with successive generations of nanotechnology and emergent technologies. Nanotechnology presents a challenge. The current regulatory standards and methods are no longer sufficient to help ensure the public’s safety. It is an area of high uncertainty in which environment, health, and safety information is scarce; there is no single index such as concentration to measure toxicity; standards do not yet exist; the ready environmental transport of nanomaterials can increase the chance of exposure; real-time monitoring is not available; and nanomaterials might have systemlevel human and environmental risks. Thus, there is a need for a new and improved oversight system. Within this system there is a need for quickly assessing risks of emergent technologies so that informed policy decisions can be made.

Personalised, genotype-based nutrition is a concept that links genotyping with specific nutritional advice in order to improve the prevention of nutrition-associated, chronic diseases. This review describes the current scientific basis of the concept and discusses its problems. There is convincing evidence that variant genes may indeed determine the biological response to nutrients. The effects of single-gene variants on risk or risk factor levels of a complex disease are, however, usually small and sometimes inconsistent. Thus, information on the effects of combinations of relevant gene variants appears to be required in order to improve the predictive precision of the genetic information. Furthermore, very few associations between genotype and response have been tested for causality in human intervention studies, and little is known about potential adverse effects of a genotype-derived intervention. These issues need to be addressed before genotyping can become an acceptable method to guide nutritional recommendations.

Maternal depression is prevalent, and puts children at risk. Little evidence addresses whether treatment for maternal depression is sufficient to improve child outcomes. An experiment was conducted testing whether psychotherapeutic treatment for mothers, suffering from major depression in the postpartum period, would result in improved parenting and child outcomes. Participants included depressed women randomly assigned to interpersonal psychotherapy (n = 60) or to a waitlist (n = 60), and a nondepressed comparison group (n = 56). At 6 months, depressed mothers were less responsive to their infants, experienced more parenting stress, and viewed their infants more negatively than did nondepressed mothers. Treatment affected only parenting stress, which improved significantly but was still higher than that for nondepressed mothers. Eighteen months later, treated depressed mothers still rated their children lower in attachment security, higher in behavior problems, and more negative in temperament than nondepressed mothers. Initial response to treatment did not predict reduced risk for poor child outcomes. Early maternal negative perceptions of the child predicted negative temperament and behavior problems 18 months after treatment. Treatment for depression in the postpartum period should target the mother–infant relationship in addition to the mothers' depressive symptoms.This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant MH 50524 to the second author. Additional support was provided by NIMH Traineeship MH 15755, through the Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota and by the Canada Research Chairs program. We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Grazyna Kochanska, our numerous undergraduate coders, and our generous and dedicated participants.

Federal funding of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) has averaged roughly $1 billion annually for the last three years, from 2004 to 2006. Society is poised to see more realistic nano-scale devices enter the marketplace, along with futuristic depictions of nanotechnology. For this reason, serious thought must be given to the societal impact of nanotechnology.

successful application of heuristics depends on how a problem is represented, mentally. moral imagination is a good technique for reflecting on, and sharing, mental representations of ethical dilemmas, including those involving emerging technologies. future research on moral heuristics should use more ecologically valid problems and combine quantitative and qualitative methods.

This review of Gigerenzer, Todd, and the ABC Research Group's Simple heuristics that make us smart focuses on the role of heuristics in discovery, invention, and hypothesis-testing and concludes with a comment on the role of heuristics in population growth.

Dienes & Perner's theoretical framework should be applicable to two related areas: technological innovation and the psychology of scientific reasoning. For the former, this commentary focuses on the example of nuclear weapon design, and on the decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger. For the latter, this commentary focuses on Klayman and Ha's positive test heuristic and the invention of the telephone.

GaAs/AlGaAs N-p-n heterojunction bipolar transistor (GaAs HBT) device and integrated circuit technology which offers key advantages over advanced silicon bipolar and III-V compound field-effect transistors is maturing towards system insertion. The TRW device and IC fabrication process, basic HBT dc and RF performance, examples of device and IC applications, and technology qualification work are presented and serves as a basis for discussing overall technology issues and impact. A relaxed 3-μm emitter-up, self-aligned base ohmic metal (SABM) HBT process and simplified molecularbeam epitaxial profiles are used for near-term producibility. The HBTs have simultaneous fT, fmax≈20–40 GHz and dc current gain ß≈50–100 at collector current density JC=3 kA/cm2 and Early voltage VA≈200–300 with capability for MSI-LSI integration levels. Versatile dc-20 GHz analog, 3–6 Gb/s digital, and 2–3 Gs/s A/D conversion functions are demonstrated with a common 3-μm SABM HBT process which facilitates single-chip multifunctional capability. Key improvements are realized over Si bipolar and GaAs-related FET (e.g. MESFET and HEMT) approaches in operational frequency, gain-bandwidth product, harmonic distortion, 1/f noise, power consumption, and size reduction.